MOTIVATION
This is the drive or force that gives purpose and direction to behaviour and can operate consciously or unconsciously.
What is motivation?
Deci and Ryan proposed this theory in 2000, which assumes that the need for growth drives behaviour and that internal sources of motivation are essential.
What is Self-Determination Theory
This regulatory style describes a state in which a person is not motivated to act, or acts in a way that is not intentional.
What is non-regulation
These are periods of altered or lost consciousness.
What is sleep?
This is one of the two major phases of sleep and is characterised by little or no rapid eye movement.
What is NREM sleep?
This source of motivation is linked to survival needs such as eating, drinking and maintaining body temperature.
What is physiological motivation?
This occurs when a person lacks drive because they lack interest or competence, or fail to see the relevance or value in acting.
What is amotivation
Tasks are performed because a person expects to receive a reward or avoid a punishment.
What is external regulation
This perspective suggests that sleep evolved to help humans avoid nocturnal accidents and predators and conserve energy after daytime activities such as hunting and gathering.
What is the evolutionary perspective?
A sleeper has very relaxed muscles, a slow and regular heart rate and is difficult to wake. Their brain activity is dominated by delta waves.
What is Stage 3 NREM?
A student spends hours researching space because they enjoy learning new information and satisfying their curiosity. Which source of motivation is demonstrated?
What are cognitions?
This type of motivation involves an external drive or force, such as seeking a reward or avoiding punishment.
What is extrinsic motivation
A person completes a task because it boosts their ego or helps them avoid feelings such as guilt or shame.
What is introjected regulation?
This perspective suggests that sleep allows the body to restore energy reserves, replenish neurotransmitters and repair and grow muscles and cells.
What is the restorative perspective?
This stage of NREM sleep is typically less than 10 minutes long and involves the transition from alpha waves to theta waves.
What is Stage 1 NREM?
A person exercises because they want to experience happiness and avoid the discomfort associated with poor health. Which source of motivation is illustrated?
What are emotions?
A student chooses to complete a difficult puzzle because they enjoy the intellectual challenge and find the activity satisfying, even though there is no reward or punishment involved.
What is intrinsic motivation
A student volunteers at a community organisation because helping others has become consistent with their personal values. They believe volunteering is the right thing to do, rather than doing it for a reward or to avoid punishment.
What is integrated regulation
This biological process involves alternating between periods of sleep and wakefulness.
What is the sleep-wake cycle?
During this phase, brain waves are fast and low amplitude and resemble those seen during wakefulness. Heart rate is closer to waking levels, while voluntary muscles are inhibited and the body is largely immobile.
What is REM sleep?
A teenager joins a sports club because they want to make friends, form connections and feel that they belong. Which source of motivation is demonstrated
What is social motivation?
A teacher allows students to choose their own research topic and decide how they will complete the task. The students feel that they have control over their own behaviour and goals.
What is autonomy
A student chooses to exercise because they recognise that being physically active is personally important to them and makes them feel good.
What is identified regulation?
A person's body temperature and sleep-wake cycle follow biological patterns that occur approximately every 24 hours.
What is a circadian rhythm?
Sleep spindles and theta waves are characteristic of this stage of NREM sleep, during which eye movements stop completely.
What is Stage 2 NREM?