Definitions
If an organism inherits one dominant allele and one recessive allele for eye color, its genotype would be:
Heterozygous
Two parents have the genotype Gg for a genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele. What is the chance that any of their children will inherit the disorder?
25%
Using the codon chart what amino acid corresponds to the codon CGU?
Arginine
DNA Replication in Humans takes place in the
Nucleus
How many amino acids are coded for by the strand of mRNA shown here? Assume the reading frame begins with the first nucleotide:
A U G U A C
2
Red hair and freckles are commonly inherited together. Which pattern of inheritance explains this?
Linked Genes
Two heterozygous purple-flowering pea plants are crossed. If purple is dominant over white, what are the expected phenotypic results?
75% purple, 25% white
Transcribe the DNA code to an m-RNA message:
A C T G G A T A C
U G A C C U A U G
Nucleotides are held together by ___________ bonds
weak hydrogen
During _____________, the cell uses information from messenger RNA to make polypeptides.
Translation
Human height occurs in a continuous range because it is affected by the interaction of many genes, making it a _____________ trait
In tomatoes, the allele for red fruit (R) is dominant over the allele for yellow fruit (r). A heterozygous tomato with red fruit is crossed with a homozygous tomato with red fruit. What is the probability that their offspring will have red fruit?
100%
A U G C A G U A G
In nucleotides, the letters A, G, C, and T, represent
Nitrogen Bases
During protein synthesis, what does mRNA do?
Delivers DNA's instructions to the ribosome
2N means diploid, N means __
haploid
In flying reindeer, being able to fly (F) is dominant to not flying (f). Black noses (B) are dominant to shiny red noses (b). Rudolph’s father is heterozygous for both traits; his mother is homozygous recessive for both traits. What is the chance of obtaining a special reindeer like Rudolph (can fly with a red nose)?
25%
A substitution mutation changed the original strand
A U G U C U U A G
to the mutated strand
A U G U C G U A G
What are the affects of this mutation?
None, it is a silent mutation because it produces the same amino acids
Met - Ser - Stop
The statement "DNA opens up and each strand is used as a template for making a new strand" best describes the process of ______________
Replication
RNA from a bear is compared to RNA from a sunflower. Both will contain the sugar __________ and the nitrogen base __________
Ribose, uracil
Different forms of a gene are called
alleles
In pigs, the allele for a wavy, rough coat (R) is dominant to the allele for a soft, fine coat (r). A rough coat boar and a soft coat sow mate. They produce several litters, 50% are rough coats and 50% are smooth coats. What must be the genotypes of the parents to create this phenotypic ratio?
Rr x rr
What is the anticodon to the codon UGA
ACU
Which will have more widespread effects: a DNA mutation in a somatic cell or a DNA mutation in a germ cell?
Germ cell
A mutation that inserts or deletes a nucleotide and therefore causes the codon reading frame to shift is called a ______________ mutation, and results in the __________ amino acids being produced
Frameshift, wrong