Classical Conditioning
What is a stimulus that naturally causes a response?
Unconditioned Stimulus
What is adding something good to increase behavior?
Positive Reinforcement
What is copying someone’s behavior called?
Modeling
What is the difference between reinforcement and punishment?
Reinforcement increases behavior
Punishment decreases behavior
What is the term for learning the connection between a conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus?
Acquisition
What is a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus?
Conditioned Response
A student studies to avoid getting in trouble. What type of reinforcement is this?
Negative Reinforcement
A child avoids a behavior after seeing someone else get punished. What is this called?
Vicarious Punishment
What type of learning involves forming associations between events?
Classical Conditioning
What happens during extinction in operant conditioning?
Behavior decreases when reinforcement stops
A student feels hungry every time the lunch bell rings. What is the bell?
Conditioned Stimulus
A teen loses their phone for breaking rules. What is this called?
Negative Punishment
What is the first step required for observational learning to occur?
Attention
What type of learning depends on consequences?
Operant Conditioning
What reinforcement schedule is based on time and occurs at predictable intervals?
Fixed Interval
What is it called when similar sounds trigger the same response (like different bells)?
Generalization
Giving extra chores for misbehavior is what type of punishment?
Positive Punishment
Why might a person fail to imitate a behavior even after watching it?
Lack of motivation (or failure in any of the 4 steps)
What is it called when a subject learns to respond only to a specific stimulus and not similar ones?
Discrimination
What reinforcement schedule is based on time but unpredictable?
Variable Interval
After the bell stops being paired with food, the response fades. What is this called?
Extinction
Rewarding small steps toward a final behavior is called what?
Shaping
In Bandura’s study, what did children demonstrate after watching aggressive adults?
They imitated the aggressive behavior
Why is shaping useful in behavior training?
It reinforces small steps toward a desired behavior
A student studies harder because they sometimes get surprise rewards. What schedule best explains this?
Variable Ratio or Variable Interval (variable schedule)