Chapter 12
What is an Efferent Neuron?
A motor neuron & it exits the CNS.
Damage to Wernicke's Area would result in ____
Fluent Aphasia- The inability to comprehend spoken or written word.
Procedure in which CSF is collected from the Spine.
Spinal tap/ lumbar puncture
What is the role of the autonomic nervous system?
What part of the brain is known as the sensory information filter.
Thalamus
What makes up the Central Nervous System?
Brain and spinal cord
What region of the brain is the first effected by alcohol? Fine tunes skeletal movements and maintains equilibrium.
Cerebellum
What is the name for the posterior bundles of nerves that extend down past the spinal cord?
Cauda Equina
What nervous system is known as "rest and digest" and focuses on supplying blood to nonessential organs
Parasympathetic nervous system
What nerve is part of the lumbar plexus and functions to extend the knee?
Femoral Nerve
What is a Schwann Cell?
Myelinates the PNS. Also plays a role in regrowth and repair in PNS.
What 3 structures reside within the Diencephalon?
Epithalamus, Thalamus, and Hypothalamus
Injury to what region would result in Quadriplegia?
Cervical Spine
What 4 responses trigger the sympathetic nervous system?
Embarrassment
Exercise
Excitement
Describe and name cranial nerve X.
Vagus nerve- proprioception, swallowing, heart rate, peristalsis.
Name and describe the 4 types of neuroglia present in the CNS.
Astrocytes- blood brain barrier, support
Microglia- Remove dead cells and debris.
Oligodendrocytes- Myelinate the CNS
Ependymal Cells- Secretes CSF
What is the name and function of Cranial Nerve V?
Trigeminal Nerve- Largest cranial nerve. Sensations of the face.
What nerve is part of the sacral plexus and innervates the Posterior thigh and lower leg?
Sciatic Nerve
In somatic motor pathways, how many lower motor neurons are present?
One
List and describe the 6 steps to an action potential.
1. Cell at RMP
2. Summation of graded potentials- Ligand Na Channels open.
3. Depolarization- Influx of Na due to voltage gated Na channels opening.
4. Repolarization- Efflux of K due to voltage gated potassium channels opening. VG Na channels close.
5. Hyperpolarization- Cell is more negative than at RMP due to K channels staying open too long.
6. Cell returns to RMP
Describe and give an example of a converging circuit.
Multiple inputs result in one output. Example: Smelling, seeing, hearing food cook = Salivating.
What is a TIA?
Transient Ischemic Attack. "Mini Stroke" Impaired blood flow to the brain.
Name the 5 components (steps)of a reflex arc.
1. Stimulus activates a recepter
2.Nerve signal is propagated through sensory neuron to spinal cord.
3. Nerve signal is processed in the integration center.
4. Nerve signal is propagated by motor neuron to effector
5. Effector responds.
Adrenergic is associated with what kind of neurotransmitter?
Norepinephrine
What part of the brain controls pneumotaxic & apneustic areas. It controls skeletal muscles for breathing, and alters respiratory rate
Pons