Protein Synthesis
There are 2 steps to protein synthesis - what are they?
1) Transcription
2) Translation
Codon
series of 3 bases that code for amino acids
The Structure of DNA is described as __.
Double Helix
Thymine gets replaced with what in RNA?
Uricil
What makes up the backbone of DNA?
Sugar and phosphate
Transcription - DNA is used to make a piece of RNA
A building block (monomer) of nucleic acids like DNA or DNA
nucleotide
What are the 4 nitrogen bases in DNA?
adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine
What is the base pairing rule for RNA?
A=U, C=G
What type of bonds connect bases like A - T ?
Hydrogen bonds
What happens in the 2nd stage of Protein Synthesis?
Translation - RNA is used to make amino acids and proteins
Building block for proteins
Amino Acid
Erwin Chargaff discovered a rule that helps explain DNA structure - what is that rule?
Base pairing aka the Chargaff rule
What part of the cell is RNA found in?
Cytoplasm
What type of bonds connect amino acids after the codon binds to the anticodon?
Polypeptide bonds
What are the 4 steps in the first part of protein synthesis?
Initiation, elongation, termination, processing
The FIRST step in protein synthesis - mRNA is involved
Transcription
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
1) phosphate
2) sugar
3) nitrogenous base
What is made in transcription?
What are 2 differences between DNA and RNA?
- DNA = double stranded, thymine, deoxiribose
- RNA = singe strand, uracil, ribose
In what stage of protein synthesis do we use RNA Polymerase and what does it do?
Transcription - during the Initiation stage - it unwinds the double helix
The process that forms proteins - 2 steps
Strands of DNA run in different directions - what do we call this?
antiparallel (opposite)
The anticodon is connected to what type of RNA?
tRNA (TransferRNA)
AUGCUCAAAUAA
MET, LEU, LYS, STOP