Brainy Rebels
This intellectual movement emphasized reason over tradition and applied empiricist approaches to understanding the natural world and human relationships.
What is the Enlightenment?
This French document, influenced by Enlightenment ideas, was a key piece of the French Revolution.
What is the "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen"?
Proximity to these was a major factor in the growth of industrial production, as they provided both power and transport.
What are waterways (rivers and canals)?
While industrial production increased in the U.S. and Europe, these two regions saw their share in global manufacturing decline.
What are the Middle East and Asia?
These two new social classes developed as a direct result of industrialization.
What are the middle class and the industrial working class?
Rapid urbanization led to these types of public health and infrastructure challenges (name three)
What are pollution, poverty, crime, health crises, housing shortages, or insufficient infrastructure?
Enlightenment thinkers developed new political ideas centered on these three concepts regarding the individual and government.
What are natural rights, the social contract, and the individual?
List two major revolutions in the Americas (besides the American Revolution) that facilitated the emergence of independent states.
What are the Haitian Revolution and Latin American independence movements?
The Industrial Revolution was fueled by the geographical distribution of these three natural resources.
What are coal, iron, and timber?
This leader in Egypt developed a state-sponsored cotton textile industry to compete with Europe.
What is Muhammad Ali?
To improve working conditions and gain higher wages, many workers organized themselves into these.
What are labor unions?
These two European regions underwent unification processes driven by nationalism in the 19th century.
What are Germany and Italy?
This type of thought, which questioned established traditions in all areas of life, often preceded rebellions against existing governments.
What is Enlightenment thought?
Discontent with monarchist and imperial rule encouraged the development of these two political ideologies.
What are democracy and 19th-century liberalism?
This system concentrated production in a single location and led to an increase in the specialization of labor.
What is the factory system?
During the "Second Industrial Revolution," these four developments became prominent in the late 19th century.
What are steel, chemicals, electricity, and precision machinery?
This ideology, espoused by Karl Marx, emerged as a reaction to the perceived injustices of industrial capitalism.
What is socialism (or communism)?
This type of business, such as HSBC or Unilever, relied on new practices in banking and finance to operate across borders
What is a transnational business?
Enlightenment philosophies reexamined the role this played in public life, often choosing to emphasize reason instead.
What is religion?
This specific document was written by Simón Bolívar on the eve of the Latin American revolutions to influence resistance to political authority.
What is the "Letter from Jamaica"?
This social process—the mass movement of people to cities—contributed significantly to the growth of industrial production.
What is urbanization?
This era in Japan involved internal reforms that supported industrialization and grew Japan's regional power
What is the Meiji Era?
This reform movement challenged political and gender hierarchies, with examples like the Seneca Falls Conference.
What is women's suffrage (or feminism)?
These three technological innovations made exploration and communication possible in interior regions globally.
What are railroads, steamships, and the telegraph?
This 18th-century shift in mindset marked the beginning of an intense period of these two types of political actions against existing governments.
What are revolution and rebellion?
This revolution and its successful establishment of a republic served as a model for many revolutions that followed.
What is the American Revolution?
Western European countries began abandoning mercantilism in favor of these policies, influenced by Adam Smith.
What are free trade policies (or laissez-faire capitalism)?
The development of these two types of engines made it possible to use fossil fuels for energy.
What are steam engines and internal combustion engines?
These two specific empires in Asia and Africa attempted to modernize their economies and militaries in response to industrial expansion
What are the Ottoman Empire and Qing China?
This force became a major factor in shaping the development of states and empires by creating a sense of commonality based on language or customs.
What is nationalism?