DNA/RNA Structure
Prokaryotic chromosomes are typically this shape.
What is circular?
DNA Polymerase synthesizes DNA in this direction.
What is 5'-3'?
This makes RNA using a DNA template strand.
What is RNA Polymerase?
This organelle/structure is the site of translation.
What are ribosomes?
Groups of genes coordinately regulated in prokaryotes are organized in this structure.
What is an operon?
Purines have this many rings.
What is double?
DNA replication is described as this because each new DNA has one old strand and one new strand.
What is semi-conservative?
In RNA, the molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosomes is this.
What is mRNA?
A mutation that shifts the reading frame after an insertion or deletion is called this.
What is a frameshift mutation?
Reversible DNA or histone modifications that affect gene expression are called this.
What is epigenetics?
A nucleotide is made of a sugar, a phosphate group, and this component.
What is a nitrogenous base?
This enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix.
What is helicase?
In eukaryotes, adding this tail helps stabilize mRNA.
What is the poly-A tail?
A point mutation that introduces a premature stop codon is called this.
What is a nonsense mutation?
What is gel electrophoresis?
Eukaryotic DNA is packaged by wrapping around these proteins.
What are histones?
This enzyme joins fragments on the lagging strand.
What is ligase?
This modification helps ribosomes recognize eukaryotic mRNA.
What is the 5' cap?
These three-base sequences on tRNA pair with codons.
What are anti-codons?
Introducing foreign DNA into bacteria is called this.
What is bacterial transformation?
These small circular DNA molecules are found in prokaryotes and some eurkayotes.
What are plasmids?
The discontinuous pieces on the lagging strand are called these.
What are Okazaki fragments?
Removing introns and joining exons is called this.
What is RNA splicing?
Because nearly all organisms share the same genetic code, it supports this concept.
What is central dogma?
This technique amplifies DNA through cycles of denaturation, annealing, and extension.
What is the PCR technique?