Life in the Middle Ages
This deadly disease killed millions of people in Europe during the 1300s.
What is the Black Death?
This peninsula is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance.
What is Italy?
Martin Luther nailed this document with his many complaints against the Catholic Church to a church door.
What are the Ninety-Five Theses?
This idea promotes the use of observation and experimentation to gather new information.
What is the scientific method?
This type of government is ruled by a king or queen.
What is a monarchy?
During the Middle Ages, this institution was very powerful and influenced nearly every part of people’s daily lives in Europe.
What is the Catholic Church?
This invention by Johannes Gutenberg helped spread Renaissance ideas quickly.
What is the printing press?
Luther objected to the sale of these, which were payments meant to reduce punishment for sins.
What are indulgences?
This English scientist explained gravity and wrote the laws of motion.
Who is Isaac Newton?
This Russian ruler modernized Russia and built the city of St. Petersburg.
Who is Peter the Great?
This economic system was based on lords, vassals, and land in exchange for loyalty and service.
What is feudalism?
This Renaissance writer wrote The Prince, which argued that rulers should do whatever is necessary to keep power.
Who is Niccolò Machiavelli?
John Calvin taught this belief that God had already decided who would be saved and who would not.
What is predestination?
This word described the theory, first proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus, that the sun is at the center of the universe.
What is heliocentric?
This idea said that monarchs received their power to rule from God.
What is divine right?
These people worked the land and were tied to the manor.
Who are serfs?
This Renaissance philosophy focused on the importance and potential of human beings.
What is humanism?
This Catholic group, founded by Ignatius of Loyola, worked to stop the spread of Protestantism through missionary work and education.
What is the Society of Jesuits?
This scientist improved the telescope and was put on trial for supporting Nicolaus Copernicus' sun-centric theory.
Who is Galileo Galilei?
This form of government is a specific type of monarchy where a single ruler holds total, unchecked authority.
What is absolutism?
Because so many workers died during the Black Death, surviving peasants were able to demand this from lords.
What are higher wages and/or better working conditions?
This wealthy family from Florence used its banking fortune to support Renaissance artists such as Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci.
Who were the Medici family?
This king broke away from the Catholic Church and created the Church of England (Anglican Church).
Who is Henry VIII?
Before the Scientific Revolution, most people believed in this theory that the Earth was the center of the universe.
What is the geocentric theory?
When a ruler takes control away from nobles and local governments and keeps it for themselves, they are doing this.
What is consolidating power?