Scientific Revolution
Which astronomer's model placed the Sun at the center of the solar system, a claim that conflicted with Catholic teachings?
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?
According to John Locke, these THREE natural rights belong to people: life, liberty, and ____.
What is property? (The three rights are life, liberty, and property.)
A ruler who claims authority directly from God, rather than from the people, supports this belief.
What is the divine right of kings?
The Glorious Revolution strengthened this English institution and limited the monarch through changes such as the English Bill of Rights.
What is Parliament?
The American Declaration of Independence used this thinker's ideas about natural rights and the social contract to justify separating from Great Britain.
Who is John Locke?
In 1633, which scientist was pressured by the Catholic Inquisition to reject his support for the Sun-centered model?
Who is Galileo Galilei?
The Declaration of Independence reflects this idea: government gets its legitimate power from the people, who may replace a government that violates their rights.
What is government by consent of the governed / the right to overthrow a rights-violating government?
Peter the Great and Louis XIV were considered absolute rulers because they made government decisions without this.
What is the consent of their people?
The American and French Revolutions shared opposition to monarchy and this financial burden.
What is excessive taxation?
One long-term result of Simon Bolivar's actions was the creation of these three independent countries: Colombia, Venezuela, and ____.
What is Ecuador?
These three laws explain inertia, the relationship between force, mass and acceleration, and equal-and-opposite reactions.
What are Newton's Three Laws of Motion?
John Locke argued that when lawmakers try to take absolute power over people's lives, liberties, and property, the people may reclaim their original ____.
What is liberty?
Louis XIV used the Palace of Versailles to keep nobles close to the royal court, occupy them with festivities, and reduce this.
What is their independent political power?
Unequal treatment under this system was a major cause of the French Revolution.
What is France's tax structure?
When Napoleon invaded Russia in 1812, Russian forces retreated while destroying crops, livestock, and villages. This strategy is called ____.
What is a scorched-earth policy
Which astronomer used the work of Copernicus as a starting point and then expanded and improved the analysis?
Who is Johannes Kepler?
According to Rousseau's Social Contract, good citizens should put aside individual self-interest and do this for the community.
What is work together for the good of society?
This Russian ruler promoted Western fashions among nobles and worked to raise women's status as part of westernizing Russia.
Who is Peter the Great?
Enslaved people in Haiti were inspired by ideas from this revolution to challenge slavery and French rule.
What is the French Revolution?
Napoleon seized control of France in 1795–1799 partly because the ruling government was weak, corrupt, and unable to do this.
What is maintain law and order?
Name the TWO scientists correctly connected to these contributions: developed the mathematical basis for heliocentrism; used an improved telescope to observe craters on the Moon.
Who are Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei?
This Enlightenment thinker promoted freedom of speech and religious tolerance.
Who is Voltaire?
Peter the Great's requirements that boyars change their appearance and send children abroad were intended to weaken noble independence and strengthen this centralized authority.
What is a modernized state controlled by the Tsar?
The people who fought for Haitian independence from France were most influenced by the philosophy of these writers.
Who are Enlightenment thinkers?
Name the TWO accurate thinker-and-idea pairings: with the Social Contract and popular sovereignty; with freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and separation of church and state.
Who are Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Voltaire?