Natural Selection
Darwins theory explains that organisms with these traits are more likely to survive, reproduce and pass on their traits.
What are favorable phenotypes?
A random change in allele frequencies in small populations is called this.
What is genetic drift?
Hardy-Weinberg condition states that this cannot occur in the population.
What is one of the five options...?
Random mating, no mutations, no gene flow, very large population size and no natural selection
Structures with similar anatomy due to common ancestry are called these, even if they serve different functions.
What are homologous structures?
Speciation caused by geographic isolation is called this.
What is allopatric speciation?
This type of selection occurs when humans breed organisms for desired traits.
What is artificial selection?
This type of genetic drift occurs after a population is drastically reduced.
What is the bottleneck effect?
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium serves as this type of scientific comparison model.
What is a null hypothesis?
Structures with different anatomy, but similar function.
What are analogous structures?
Evolution occurring rapidly after long periods of little change is known as this.
What is punctuated equilibrium?
Natural selection acts directly on this type of variation within populations.
What is phenotypic variation?
The movement of alleles between populations is known as.
What is gene flow?
In Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, mating within the population must occur in this way.
What is random mating?
Scientists compare these sequences to show evidence of common ancestry.
What are DNA nucleotide sequences?
These diagrams show evolutionary relationships among organisms.
What are phylogenetic trees or cladograms?
Greater biodiversity in a population increases its ability to do this when environments change.
What is survive/adapt to environmental change?
Mutations are important because they create this in populations.
What is genetic variation?
If allele frequencies change over time, the population is experiencing this.
What is evolution?
These preserved remains or traces provide geological evidence for evolution.
What are fossils?
Similar adaptations evolving independently in unrelated species is called this.
What is convergent evolution?
Competition for these drives natural selection according to Darwin.
What are limited resources?
This process occurs when a small group starts a new population separate from the original.
What is the founder effect?
This equation represents genotype frequencies in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
What is 1p^2+2pq+q^2=1
The dating method that uses radioactive decay is called this.
What is radiometric dating?
On a phylogenetic tree, these represent the most recent common ancestor.
What are nodes?