Diabetes Mellitus
Insulin glargine is rapid acting and has an onset of 30 min?
A. True
B. False
False, glargine is long acting and has an onset of 1-1.5 hrs
When a patient starts levothyroxine, which adverse effects are most important to monitor for?
A. Decreasing T3/T4
B. Increasing TSH
C. Patient loses weight
D. Tachycardia and chest pain
D. Monitor for chest pain and cardiac arrhythmia due to the stimulatory effect of thyroid hormone
Parathyroid deficiency is treated with which medication?
A. Thiazide diuretic
B. Fludrocortisone
C. Calcitrol
D. Levothyroxine
C. Calcitrol will increase serum Ca levels, it is a vitamin D analog
Long-term use of prednisone decreases which body system and places the patient at risk of infections?
A. Kidney function
B. Immune system
C. Respiratory cilia
D. Gastric acid
B. reduced immune system
NPH insulin is administered at 1200, what time should the nurse expect a peak and possible hypoglycemia?
A. 1300
B. 1600
C. 2000
D. It has no peak
B. 1600 hours is within the peak range for intermediate insulin
Levothyroxine replaement can increase blood sugar levels, a patient taking which medication would need to be monitored close for hyperglycemia?
A. Atrovastatin
B. Metformin
C. Amlodipine
D. Rifampin
B. Metformin, thyroid replacement can increase blood sugar and diabetics must be monitored closely.
What is an adverse effect the nurse must monitor for when administering calcitrol?
A. Hypocalcemia and twitching
B. Seizures
C. Arrhythmias
D. Hypotension
C. Arrythmias due to potential high calcium
Abruptly stopping prednisone therapy can result in which adverse condition?
A. Rebound hyperglycemia
B. Rebound inflammation
C. Resistant fungal infection
D. Resistant hyperglycemia
B. Rebound inflammation
What does glipizide do?
A. Behaves like natural insulin
B. Stimulates GI tract to absorb more incretin
C. Stimulates beta cells to release insulin
D. Prevents glycogen conversion to glucose
C. Stimulates beta cells to release stored insulin
If levothyroxine dose is excessive, what is it called if the pateint develops life threatening hyperthyroidism?
A. Myxedema coma
B. Thyroid crisis/ storm
C. Graves disease
D. Hyperthyroidism
B. Thyroid crisis is a life-threatening event where T3/T4 become excessive, it can be due to excess replacement with levothyroxine or due to Graves' disease itself.
Fludrocortisone mimics aldosterone and causes sodium and fluid retention, which electrolyte is at risk of becoming low?
A. Calcium
B. Sodium
C. Potassium
D. Magnesium
C. Potassium is wasted when sodium is retained
Semaglutide is only prescribed for weight loss associated with diabetes mellitus and does not affect blood sugar.
A. True
B. False
B. False, this drug controls glucose levels for type 2 diabetics, it also causes weight loss which helps treat the diabetes too
What is the goal of PTU (propylthiouracil)?
A. To increase T3/T4 absorption
B. To prevent the release of thyroid hormone
C. To destroy thyroid hormone molecules
D. To destroy autoantibodies
B. To prevent the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland
A patient is unconcious with a blood glucose of 34mg/dL, which medication will the nurse anticipate to administer?
A. Insulin lispro
B. Calcitrol
C. Glucagon
D. Albuterol
C. Glucagon is the emergency hormone to increase glucose in unconscious hypoglycemic patients.