Volcanoes
This type of magma is thick and sticky, often causing explosive eruptions.
What is high-viscosity magma?
Most tsunamis are caused by these events.
What are underwater earthquakes?
A clay-rich hillside becomes saturated and slowly flows downhill as a thick mass.
What is an earthflow?
Ground warping, small earthquakes, and temperature increases can all indicate this.
What is an upcoming volcanic eruption?
This property describes how easily magma flows.
What is viscosity?
Volcanic eruptions mainly depend on this factor.
What is where and how magma forms?
Most major earthquakes occur along these types of plate boundaries.
What are convergent and transform boundaries?
Fence posts and trees slowly tilt downhill over many years due to this process.
What is creep?
This type of sound wave is below the range of human hearing.
What is infrasound?
Low-viscosity magma usually produces these types of eruptions.
What are non-explosive eruptions?
Scientists study these ancient materials to learn about past eruptions.
What are cooled rocks from past eruptions?
A tsunami wave crossing the deep ocean is often difficult for ships to notice because the wave is this.
What is high energy but low wave height?
Engineers can reduce landslide risk by building these to move water away from slopes.
What are drainage channels?
These natural disasters produce infrasound waves.
What are Volcanoes, earthquakes, and tornadoes?
Hurricanes generally require ocean temperatures of at least this value.
What is 26.5°C (80°F)?
These deadly flows are fast-moving mixtures of hot gas, ash, and rock.
What are pyroclastic flows?
As a tsunami approaches shore, it does this.
What is slow down and grow taller?
Large rocks suddenly break free from a steep cliff and fall downward.
What is rockfall?
Scientists prepare for earthquakes using these two methods.
What is mapping hazard zones and monitoring seismic activity?
DART stands for this tsunami warning system.
What is Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis?
A volcano erupts and melts snow on its peak, creating a fast-moving flow of ash, water, and debris.
What is a lahar?
An earthquake at a subduction zone can create a tsunami by doing this to the seafloor.
What is suddenly lifting or dropping the seafloor and displacing water?
Heavy rain creates a fast-moving slurry of water and sediment rushing through a valley.
What is a mudflow?
A tsunami detection system must avoid data dropouts because they can cause this.
What are inaccurate tsunami forecasts?
Volcanic gases can have this effect on the environment.
What is changing the atmosphere and nearby rocks?