Intermolecular Forces
Name of the IMF caused by temporary dipoles present in all molecules
London Dispersion Forces
In any gas law calculation, temperature must always be converted to this absolute scale
Kelvin
This term describes when multiple valid Lewis structures can be drawn for a single molecule by moving electrons.
Resonance
This state of matter is characterized by having a definite volume but an indefinite shape, as its particles are close together but can slide past one another
Liquid
The phase change occurring when a liquid turns into a gas
Vaporization
Of the following molecules, which has the highest boiling point: CH4, C2H6, or C8H18?
C8H18
This law states that at constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional.
Boyle’s Law (P = 1/V)
Provide 3 rules to lewis dot structure drawing we learned in class
Count Valence Electrons
Follow Octet Rule
Carbon needs 4 bonds
Hydrogen needs 2 bonds
Include Brackets if an Ion and Charge
These are mixtures of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal
Alloys
Distillation separates the components of a mixture based on differences in this physical property.
Boiling Point
Rank these in order of lowest to highest boiling point: H2, NH3, N2
H2 < N2 < NH3
This law describes the direct relationship between volume and temperature at constant pressure; provide the name and its mathematical formula.
Charles's Law (V = T)
The number of valence electrons that must be shown in the Lewis structure for the Chlorate ion, ClO3-.
26 (7 + 18 + 1)
What type of solid creates shifting layers which causes like-charges to align and repel creating a brittle material but with a high melting point
Ionic Solid
In a distillation setup, this piece of glassware is used to cool vapors back into liquid form.
Condenser
Identify all IMFs present in a sample of Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)
London Dispersion, and Hydrogen Bonding
A tank has a total pressure of 10 atm and contains 2 moles of He and 8 moles of Ar. Find the partial pressure of He
2 atm (Mole fraction 0.2 x 10 atm)
Calculate the formal charge of the central Nitrogen in NO2+, where N is double-bonded to two Oxygens
+1 (5-4)
This type of solid is held together by electrostatic attractions between cations and delocalized valence electrons, explaining its high thermal and electrical conductivity
Metallic Solid
By monitoring this specific measurement tool at the distillation head, a chemist can determine which component is currently being vaporized and collected.
Thermometer
Of the following substances, which has the highest melting point: I2, H2O, NaCl, or C8H18?
NaCl
A sample of 8.0 grams of Oxygen gas (O2, molar mass 32.0 g/mol) is placed in a 500 mL container at 27 degrees Celsius. Calculate the pressure in atm. (Gas Constant R = 0.0821 L atm / mol K).
12 atm. (Steps: 8g / 32g/mol = 0.25 moles; 500 mL = 0.5 L; 27 C = 300 K. P = nRT/V = (0.25 x 0.0821 x 300) / 0.5).
Draw the Lewis structure for the Nitrate ion NO3-
The structure has one N=O double bond, two N-O single bonds, and no lone pairs on Nitrogen
This specific type of mixture is formed when smaller atoms, such as Carbon, fill the spaces between larger metal atoms, making the lattice more rigid and less malleable
Interstitial Alloy
You distill a mixture of Hexanes, Ethanol, Water, and Table Salt. Be exact and provide the order in which the materials will be received in ONLY the receiving round bottom flask.
Hexanes, Ethanol, Water. NO Table Salt remains in the receiving flask as it does not evaporate
MUST SAY NO TABLE SALT FOR CREDIT. NO CREDIT IF SALT IS INCLUDED