Unit 1: Native Americas
What crop helped support large populations and complex societies in many Indigenous communities?
Maize (corn)
What English settlement was established in Virginia in 1607?
Jamestown
What labor arrangement required people to work for several years in exchange for passage to America?
Indentured Servitude
What 1763 British measure restricted colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains?
Proclamation of 1763
What was the first constitution of the United States?
Articles of Confederation
What exchange transferred crops, animals, diseases, and people between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia?
Columbian Exchange
What economic system treated colonies as sources of raw materials and markets for the mother country?
Mercantilism
What two things made European slavery distinct from other historical forms of enslavement.
- Hereditary
- Racialized (Chattel)
What 1765 tax on printed materials provoked widespread colonial resistance?
Stamp Act
What 1786–1787 rebellion highlighted the weaknesses of the national government?
Shays' Rebellion
What was the name of the system that formed racialized hierarchies within Spanish colonial society?
Casta System
How were French and Spanish colonial goals the same? Where did they differ?
The French and Spanish both began settling native land for monetary gain (or the 3G's), they differed in their methods to attain these ends. The French engaged in trade, the Spanish engaged in forced slavery and racialized hierarchies.
What Atlantic trading system connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas?
Triangular trade
What 1776 pamphlet by Thomas Paine argued for independence?
Common Sense
What compromise created a bicameral Congress with population-based and equal state representation?
Great Compromise/Connecticut Compromise
What Spanish labor system forced Indigenous people to work under Spanish colonists' control?
Encomienda System
What 1676 uprising in Virginia revealed class tensions and conflict over Indigenous land?
Bacon's Rebellion
What name describes the forced transatlantic journey of enslaved Africans?
Middle Passage
What 1777 American victory helped secure a formal French alliance?
Battle of Saratoga
What group supported ratifying the Constitution and establishing a stronger national government?
Federalists
What 1680 uprising expelled Spanish colonizers from much of present-day New Mexico?
Pueblo Revolt
What 1730s–1740s religious revival challenged traditional religious authority in the colonies?
First Great Awakening
What British policy of relatively loose enforcement allowed substantial colonial self-government?
Salutary neglect
What 1783 agreement recognized American independence and ended the Revolutionary War?
Treaty of Paris (1783)
What 2 things did George Washington warn the developing United States not to do?
- Get involved in international affairs
- Separate into factions (parties)
What Indigenous civilization built a major urban and ceremonial center near the Mississippi River?
Cahokia/Mississippian Culture
What agreement established self-government for Plymouth Settlers in 1620?
Mayflower Compact
What were the 13 Colonies? List them.
Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Virginia.
Which idea allowed women to gain greater importance in political culture while remaining excluded from formal government?
Republican Motherhood
What Article created a process for admitting new states, supported public education, and prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory
The Northwest Ordinance