Unit 1: 1491 - 1607
Name one piece of historical evidence that demonstrates how the Columbian Exchange negatively impacted Native Americans
Smallpox, measles
Name one piece of evidence that counters the claim that Native Americans showed no resistance to Spanish colonization
Pueblo Revolt of 1680 - was successful in that it drove the Spanish away from modern day Mexico city area for 12 years
Describe two effects of the French and Indian War on the relationship between the colonists and the British parliament
- enabled Britain to tax colonists more heavily because they went into debt due to the war - ended Salutary Neglect
-Proclamation Line of 1763: prohibited colonists from traveling west of Appalachian mountains - led to resentment
What did Thomas Jefferson do in 1803 that actually countered his statement that he was a strict interpreter of the Constitution?
He executed the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the size of the US territory- While he didn't actually have any powers as President within the Constitution to do so
Name two attempts at compromise that pushed the sectionalism crisis off for a while but ultimately weren't enough to keep the nation from falling into a Civil War
Compromise of 1820 (Missouri Compromise): admitted Maine as free state and Missouri as slave state to maintain balance in Congress. Banned slavery north of 3630 line in Louisiana
Compromise of 1850: admitted California as a free state, popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico, prohibited slave trade in DC, and passed harsher fugitive slave act
Name one piece of historical evidence that demonstrates that the Columbian Exchange was largely positive for Europe
New crops like maize, tobacco, potatoes stabilized European population and economy
Name a piece of evidence to demonstrate that the French colonizers had better overall relations with the Native Americans than the Spanish or British
Fur trade in Ohio River Valley, intermarrying
Enlightenment ideals influenced the writing of two publications during this unit - which two?
Common Sense by Thomas Paine
Declaration of Independence - Thomas Jefferson
Name one CAUSE and one EFFECT of the War of 1812
causes: British restrictions on US trade, impressment of sailors
effects: surge of American nationalism, decline of Federalist party (for being against war, it was a bad look), beginning of Era of Good Feelings (one-party rule), US gained international respect of other nations
Name and describe one short term and one long term effect of the Mexican-American War 1846-1848
short term: huge territorial gains for US, present-day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, and Oklahoma
long term: heightened sectional tensions over slavery, set stage for Manifest Destiny/westward expansion, demonstrated the country's willingness to use military force to achieve its territorial ambitions
Name one piece of historical evidence that supports the claim that religion was a driving force for Spanish colonization of Americas
Under Encomienda System, Natives were converted to Christianity and provided "protection" and "religious saving" but were forced to labor for Spanish wealth
How would you counter the claim that the three regions of the British colonies in America had no notable religious differences?
New England - very intolerant of non-Puritans (Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson examples of this)
Middle colonies - more religiously diverse - William Penn found Pennsylvania as a Quaker haven
Southern colonies - besides Maryland (which was Catholic), predominantly Anglican (Church of England)
Name three laws passed by British parliament that colonists felt restricted their liberty and freedoms
Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, Townshend Acts, Quartering Act, Tea Act
What's one piece of evidence you could use to support that Andrew Jackson successfully challenged federal power during his presidency?
-vetoed the recharter of the Second national bank of the US (asserted that President could check congressional authority when he believed it threatened the people)
-threatened to use force against the state of South Carolina if they didn't pass 1828 tariff
-Indian Removal Act 1830 - refused to listen to the Supreme Court's ruling in Worcester v. Georgia which said that Native Americans couldn't be forced to relocate in this particular instance
Choose one: Describe how either Uncle Tom's Cabin, the Dred Scott Case, OR John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry heightened sectional tensions and led to the Civil War
Uncle Tom's Cabin: support for abolition grew in North, South felt threatened and like they had to counter this anti-slavery narrative with a narrative of slavery as a "positive good" - think John C. Calhoun.
Dred Scott Case: SCOTUS ruled Black people couldn't sue for their freedom because they weren't citizens under the Constitution
John Brown's Raid: South used this event to say look - abolitionists will stop at nothing to demolish slavery
Name one piece of evidence that counters the claim that in Spain, everyone universally accepted and supported the encomienda system
Valladolid Debate: Bartolome de Las Casas wrote about the terrible treatment and destruction of NAtive population (debated Huan Sepulveda)
Name one SIMILARITY and one DIFFERENCE between the First Great Awakening (1730s) and the Second Great Awakening (1830-1850)
Similarities: religious revival, more religious participation
Differences: First was one of the first unifying events throughout the regions of the 13 colonies
Second spurred social reform (such as women's social status) that people wouldn't have been ready for in 1730s
Describe two strenghts and two weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
strengths: Northwest Ordinance of 1787 (structured way to add new states to union and banned slavery in that region), provided temporary united structure after American Revolution and negotiated peace w/ Britain
weaknesses: weak central government that could not tax, raise an army (Shay's rebellion), also no executive branch or judicial branch, needed unanimous approval from all 13 states to make any changes to document
Compare and contrast "early immigrants" from the early 19th century (Unit 4) with "new immigrants" from the Gilded Age
similarities: second-class citizenship in society, nativism, contributed to economic trends at the time (Market Revolution for old immigrants, Gilded Age for new immigrants)
early immigrants: targets of Know-Nothing party, mostly Irish, German, English, could "blend in" better
new immigrants: more diversity in immigration - Chinese Exclusion Act, Eastern European, non-English speaking, non-Christian, Ellis Island, and participated in industrial workforce of Gilded Age
Describe one difference between the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and Radical Republicans
Lincoln: 10% plan - loyalty oath
Johnson: pardon Confederates and roll back Freedmen's Bureau efforts
Radical Republicans: wanted civil rights, voting rights and legal equality, harder for confederate states to rejoin union
Describe one reason why over time, enslaved Africans made up more of the forced laborers than Native Americans within the Spanish colonial system
Native population was reduced by millions due to epidemic diseases
Bacon's Rebellion 1676: enslaved Africans, poor white farmers came together to challenge social hierarchy of Virginia's elite
Stono Rebellion 1739: largest slave revolt in British North America led by Jemmy in SC, resulted in dozens of executions of enslaved people and stricter Slave laws
Describe two fundamental differences between the Federalists and anti-federalists in the drafting of the Constitution
Federalists (Madison, Hamilton, Washington): strong central gov, ratify constitution quickly, no bill of rights
Anti-Federalists (Mason, Henry): powers best kept at state level, needed Bill of Rights
Name two pieces of evidence that would counter a historian's claim that social reforms didn't gain any traction until the progressive era.
Early Antebellum reforms from this unit included:
-Seneca Falls Convention (women's rights) - 1848
-Frederick Douglass' North Star newspaper (Abolition)
-Horace Mann - pushed for public education for everyone, was also an abolitionist
-Temperance - local chapters of anti-alcohol organizations began to emerge
AND
2) describe one way in which Southern Democrats made it difficult for Black people to fully achieve the freedoms described in these amendments
1) 13th: freedom
14th: citizenship
15th: voting rights
2) KKK, Black Codes, Jim Crow laws, disenfranchisement (poll taxes/tests), Compromise of 1877