westward expansion
This railroad connected the eastern and western United States.
Transcontinental Railroad
This animal was essential to many Native American communities, but its near extinction had devastating effects.
buffalo
This system allowed cattle to graze freely across large areas of western land.
open range
This process made the production of steel faster and cheaper.
bessemer process
This inventor is associated with the telegraph.
Samuel morse
These are factors that encourage people to leave an area.
push
This system forced many Native Americans onto designated areas of land.
reservation
This invention provided farmers with a cheap way to fence their land.
barbed wire
Designing something completely new is called this.
invention
This inventor is associated with the telephone.
alexander graham bell
These are factors that attract people to move to a new area.
pull
This 1864 event involved the killing of Cheyenne and Arapaho people.
sand creek massacre
These homes were built by some settlers because traditional building materials were scarce on the Great Plains.
sod houses
Applying or adopting new machines, processes, or products is called this.
innovation
A company controlling different stages of production is using this business strategy.
vertical integration
This 1862 law encouraged westward settlement by providing settlers with land.
homestead act 1862
This 1876 battle was a major Native American victory against the U.S. Army.
battle of little big horn
Name two obstacles faced by farmers on the western frontier.
Any two: lack of rainfall, tough dry soil, lack of fuel, lack of manpower, remoteness of markets, lack of wood/clay/rock, or lack of wood for fencing.
Name 2 industries or areas affected by the Second Industrial Revolution.
steel, oil, transportation, communication, or business practices.
A company gaining control over competing companies in the same industry is using this strategy.
horizontal integration
Name 2 factors that encouraged westward migration.
Any 2: Homestead Act, discovery of gold/silver, Transcontinental Railroad, relocation of American Indians, less cheap open land in the East, or economic/property destruction from the Civil War.
This law divided tribal lands into individual allotments as part of an effort to assimilate Native Americans.
dawes act
What were two major challenges created by the environment of the Great Plains?
Lack of rainfall and tough, dry soil.
Name two causes of the Second Industrial Revolution.
Any two: abundant natural resources, free enterprise system, role of government, legacy of the First Industrial Revolution, economic stimulus provided by the Civil War.
This 1890 federal law was designed to regulate trusts and monopolies.
Sherman Antitrust Act