Antihypertensives
beta-blockers (cardioselective are preferred)
HCTZ and furosemide are our can cause ___________, while spironolactone can cause ____________.
hypokalemia;hyperkalemia
_______ is an example of this class of drug that decreases allergic reactions, allergic rhinitis, and common cold with nasal drainage by blocking H1 receptors.
diphenhydramine/benadryl
True or False: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist that can cause some beta-1 adverse reactions such as palpitations and tachycardia, which would need to be reported especially if new-onset.
True
2 part answer: Prazosin, BB's, ACEi's, ARB's, and CCB's all can cause water retention and cause this condition: (1). Thus, the RN needs to monitor for sudden changes in this vital sign/basic patient demographic: (2).
(1) peripheral edema; (2) weight
This drug is an alpha-adrenergic blocker, which causes vasodilation therefore a decrease in BP. It is useful for htn tx in those with DM and lipid abnormalities because it has no effect on blood sugar and decreases harmful lipids (while increasing good cholesterol).
Prazosin
Diuretics have 2 indications: to lower BP and to what?
decrease peripheral edema
The RN needs to instruct the patient to read labels of all OTC cold medications, especially if they are taking other medications that can cause this condition OR have a history of this condition (that is either controlled by medications or remains uncontrolled).
HTN
montelukast
This is a side effect/adverse reaction common to all diuretics and antihypertensives. The RN must monitor for s/s including dizziness, weakness, rebound tachycardia, lightheadedness, etc.
orthostatic hypotension
These classes of antihypertensive ultimately block the formation aldosterone, which normally holds on to Na (and water) and releases K. Name the 2 classes.
ARB's and ACEi's
This diuretic is indicated for ICP and IOP. Care needs to be taken to assess lung sounds for sudden pulmonary edema.
Mannitol
This class of OTC cold medications should only be used for 3 days due to the risk of rebound hypertension.
nasal decongestants
This drug is used for maintenance treatment of bronchospasms related to COPD
tiotropium
The RN needs to physically assess this s/s before and after administering respiratory medications in order to ensure it was effective.
wheezing
These 2 classes of antihypertensives should not be used in patients with renal insufficiency because they hold on to K+, which is mostly secreted by the kidneys. If their kidneys can't secrete K+, there's more risk of hyperkalemia. Name both classes.
ACEi's & ARB's
True or False: all diuretics we have discussed cause: hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia, and hyperglycemia.
True
True or False: Dextromethorphan is a narcotic antitussive used widely in cold medications to help with nonproductive, nonirritating coughs.
false
You must wait a minimum of how long between puffs out of an MDI?
2 minutes
2 answers: The two main ADRs from beta-blocker therapy are?
bronchospasm and bradycardia
SE's/ ADR's of this class of medication (or you can name the medication) include: flushing, headaches, ankle edema, bradycardia
CCB's/ amlodipine/-dipines
2 parts: Which class of medication causes hypercalcemia? Which causes hypocalcemia?
thiazides; loops
True or False. Antitussives are used to loosen mucus and secretions so that coughing can better expel them from the bronchial tubes.
Both leukotriene receptor antagonists and this class of drug can cause this adverse reaction, which is potentially life-threatening and must be reported immediately.
suicidal ideation
Antihistamines have properties similar to anticholinergic medications. If the patient complains of dry mouth, what should the RN suggest to the PCP?
Switch to a second-generation antihistamine such as loratadine