Upper extremities
How is primary Raynaud's different from secondary?
A. The symptoms are different
B. Primary has no underlying disease
C. secondary has no underlying disease
D. There is no difference
B. Primary has no underlying disease
SFA becomes popliteal artery as it passes through what in the leg?
a. Guadalupe river
b. Adductor canal
c. Abductors canal
d. Panama Canal
What is the most common position for the sonographer to scan the lower extremities?
a. Supine with knee overly flexed and thigh abduction
b. Standing with knee kicked out
c. Supine with knee slightly flexed and thigh abduction
d. Bending the leg with no regrets
C. Supine with knee slightly flexed and thigh abduction
Abnormal color findings can include all of these except?
a. Aliasing
b. Not aliasing
c. Reduced flow channel
d. Color bruit
B. Not aliasing
Normal, high resistance spectral waveforms are primarily…
a. Biphasic
b. Monophasic
c. quadphasic
d. Triphasic
D. Triphasic
When evaluating for Raynaud's, waveforms on the PPG be recorded when?
A. Pre and post- warming of the fingertips
B. Pre- and post- cold immersion
C. Pre- and post- exercise
D. Pre- and post- arm abduction
B. Pre- and post- cold immersion
Where is the popliteal artery located?
a. Upper leg
b. Calf area
c. Near the shin area
d. Behind kneecap
D. behind the kneecap
How is low-resistance blood flow characterized on a doppler spectrum?
a. Antegrade flow throughout diastole
b. Antegrade flow in systole only
c. Retrograde flow in systole
d. Sharp downstroke in early diastole
a. Antegrade flow throughout diastole
Proximal to an occlusion or near occlusion, spectral waveform will display no flow in which cardiac cycle?
a. Systole
b. diastole
B. diastole
An aneurysm is present if the diameter of a vessel is how many times greater than the adjacent, more proximal segment?
a. 2 times
b. 3 times
c. 1.5 times
d. 1 times
C. 1.5 times
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is caused by compression of what artery?
A. Common iliac
B. Brachial
C. Subclavian
D. Axillary
C. Subclavian
CFA, SFA, and PFA can be examined from which approach to the limb?
a. Medial
b. Lateral
c. Posterior
d. Anterior
A. Medial
Under normal conditions, what is the flow-velocity range of the arteries in the forearm?
a. 80-60cm/s
b. 120-150cm/s
c. 40-60cm/s
d. 10-20cm/s
c. 40-60cm/s
Which of the following is a main pitfall of ultrasound in examining arterial disease?
a. Length of occluded segment
b. Flow at velocities less than 20cm/s
c. Flow at velocities over 400cm/s
d. Collateral vessels
b. Flow at velocities less than 20cm/s
What percentage of a stenosis would be considered moderately diseased?
a. 50%
b. 70%-99%
c. 50%
d. 50%-69%
D. 50%-69%
what percent of extremity PAD does UPPER extremity PAD represent?
A. 5%
B. 10%
C. 15%
D. 20%
A. 5%
How is low-resistance blood flow characterized on a doppler spectrum?
a. Antegrade flow throughout diastole
b. Antegrade flow in systole only
c. Retrograde flow in systole
d. Sharp downstroke in early diastole
a. Antegrade flow throughout diastole
What would you call an absence of flow within a lumen by color and spectral doppler?
a. Occlusion
b. Clamp down
c. Normal flow
d. Bad news bears
a. Occlusion
Digital artery necrosis associated with Raynaud’s symptoms will rarely be seen with which kind of Raynaud’s syndrome?
a. Secondary
b. Primary
c. 7th type
d. 4th type
b. Primary
A PSV velocity ratio of 2 would be what percentage of a stenosis?
a. 50%
b. 20%
c. 75%
d. 1%
A. 50%
Which form of arterial inflammation can affect the ophthalmic artery as well as the subclavian or axillary artery?
A. Takayasu's arteritis
B. Raynaud's
C. Buerger's disease
D. Giant cell arteritis
D. Giant cell arteritis
When assessing the LEA system with ultrasound, only the first few centimeters of the ___ artery are evaluated?
a. SFA
b. POP A
c. PFA
d. PTA
c. PFA
A form of large vessel vasculitis that results in intimal fibrosis and vessel narrowing is ____.
A. Takayasu's
B. TOS
C. May thurners syndrome
D. Raynaud's
A. Takayasu's
Which artery is the first major branch of the aortic arch and divides into the right common carotid and subclavian artery?
a. Innominate
b. Right carotid artery
c. Subclavian artery
d. Left carotid artery
a. Innominate
70% stenosis would mean the PSV ratio is…
a. 3
b. 8
c. 2
d. 5
A. 3