Upper Respiratory
What are the risk factors for OSA
obesity, smoking, alcohol use, afib, diabetes, hypertension
what are the risk factors for influenza
immunocompromised, occupational, chemo patients, transplant patients, HIV/AIDS, age <2 or >65, chronic infections
how is influenza diagnosed
culture (takes 10 days for results), rapid test (~30 minutes for results)
How can you help prevent covid
hand washing, social distancing, masks, cleaning, self quarantine, vaccines
What is pneumonia
an acute infection of the lungs
How does OSA manifest
extremely loud snoring, cessation of breathing during sleep, fatique
How does influenza manifest.
aches, fever, cough
How is influenza treated
fluids, rest, fever reducer/pain reliever
How is covid diagnosed
rapid test, antibody test
What are two ways of acquiring pneumonia?
infectious
-microorganism
non-infectious
-toxic materials
-gases
-aspiration
How is OSA diagnosed
sleep studies are performed, mainly done at home, under special circumstances they can be done inpatient
What do the lungs sound like in influenza patients
lung sounds are clear
complications that can manifest from influenza
viral/bactertial pneumonia (especially in >65 y.o.), dehydration, ear infection, sinus infection, worsen CHF, asthma, and diabetes
treatment for covid includes... how soon should treatment be started?
antivirals, monoclonal antibodies
treatment needs to be started within first 2 days of symptoms
what are risk factors for pneumonia
age, long term residence, smoking, chronic respiratory disease, immunocompromised, altered mental status, prolonged immobility, prolonged NPO, diminished cough/gag relex, exposure to toxins, ABD/thoracic surgery,exposure to certain animals, IV drug use, recent antibiotic therapy
Some treatment options for OSA
lose weight, positioning, corrective oral devices, cpap, surgery to remove excess tissue from throat (last resort)
How early can symptoms appear
symptoms manifest within 8 hrs of exposure
how do you prevent influenza
hand washing, proper PPE usage, annual flu shot, common sense
what conditions or symptoms may stick with patients post covid
tiredness/fatigue, fever, s.o.b., chest pain, seizures, joint pain, sleep disturbances, brain fog
clinical manifestations of pneumonia
fever, tachypnea/dyspnea, tachycardia, chills, cough, pleuritic chest pain, fatigue, myalgia, lung sounds
What is the pathophysiology of influenza
aerosolized droplets, fomites (microorganisms found on inanimate objects)
about how long does the virus last
~10 days
what symptoms can manifest with covid? what symptoms are covid specific?
fever, cough, headache, body ache, cough
covid specific symptoms: s.o.b., loss of taste/smell, N/V, diarrhea
what risk factors are involved in long covid
patients with severe covid infections, underlying health issues, non vaccinated
Complications of pneumonia
respiratory failure, septic shock, pleural effusion, atelectasis, lung abscess, empyema, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, pericarditis, meningitis