Anatomy Counts
How many kidneys are there
2
What is the normal GRF rate?
125 mL/min
How many hormone ducts are water-permeable? What is the hormone?
1
ADH
What percent of water comes from drinking fluids?
60%
What organ eliminates urine?
urethra
List the 3 parts of the male urethra.
Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Spongy urethra
Name the 2 types of nephrons and indicate their percentage of the total.
Cortical nephrons 85%
Juxtamedullary nephrons 15%
What is the arteriole that enters the glomerulus? What is the arterial that leaves the glomerulus?
Afferent and Efferent
What is the percentage of water in the adult male body? Female?
63% male
52/53% female
95%
How many nephrons per kidney
1 million
Name 3 waste elimination systems in the human body besides the urinary system.
Integumentary system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
What are the 3 roles of ADH?
Increases sodium in the blood
Increases water intake
Promotes reabsorption
What is the percentage of sodium among ECF cations?
90%
What is the average urine output per day?
1500 mL/day
List the 3 openings that define the trigone of the urinary bladder.
Left ureteral opening
Right ureteral opening
Internal urethral opening
What is the plasma colloid osmotic pressure?
-32 mmHg
What triggers renin?
Low BP
What is the main ICF cation? What is it's chemical symbol?
Potassium
K+
Name the 2 muscles or sphincters involved in micturition and indicate which one is voluntary.
Internal urethral sphincter (involuntary)
External urethral sphincter (voluntary)
List the 6 major functions of the urinary system.
Removal of waste from the blood
Storage of urine
Excretion of urine
Regulation of blood volume and blood pressure
Regulation of erythrocyte production
Acid-base regulation
What is the net filtration pressure?
+10 mm Hg
What does ANP do?
Lowers BP via sodium excretion
How much water is lost via skin and lungs?
700 mL
Name the structures that urine flows through, starting from the renal papilla to the outside of the body.
Renal papilla → Minor calyx → Major calyx → Renal pelvis → Ureter → Urinary bladder → Urethra → External urethral orifice