Renal Corpuscle
What percent of blood is filtered out at the Glomerulus?
20-30%
The Proximal tubule is the first location in the nephron for reabsorption of what 2 things?
Water and glucose
What 2 types of regulation are classified as hormonal regulations?
Angiotensin II and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
What 2 pressures promote filtration in the nephron?
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure and Bowman's colloid osmotic pressure
What type of nephron has a long Loop of Henle and makes more concentrated urine?
The Juxtamedullary nephrons
Why is constant glomerular filtration rate so important?
Because it lets the kidneys make filtrate and maintain extracellular homeostasis
What is the tonicity of the ultrafiltrate as it leaves the PT and why?
Isotonic because water and salt are removed at close to equal rates.
What types of regulation are extrinsic regulations?
neural regulation, angiotensin II and ANP (Neural and hormonal ones, why?)
What pressures cause fluid to enter the glomerulus?
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure and Bowmans capsule hydrostatic pressure
What does the juxtamedullary apparatus help do?
Regulate blood pressure in the kidney (intrinsic regulation)
Why is the volume of filtrate leaving the glomerular capillaries greater than other body capillaries?
Larger surface area, thin porous membrane, and high glomerular blood pressure
How does H2O get reabsorbed in the PT
Through aquaporins of the cells and through paracellular pathways (does trans and paracellular transport)
T/F: Myogenic regulation of glomerular filtration rate occurs when smooth muscle contracts in the afferent arterioles of the renal corpuscle?
True
If you increase plasma colloid osmotic pressure what happens to the glomerular filtration rate?
It decreases
What are the 6 functions of the kidneys?
Eliminate wastes, gluconeogenesis, electrolyte balance, hormone secretions, pH balances, blood volume levels
Where does the ascending loop of henles come into contact with the afferent arteriole?
Macula Densa region
What allows for the cotransport of glucose and other large solutes?
Na+ concentration gradient powers, which is driven by the Sodium potassium pump (and leak channels for K+)
During which type of regulation do you have constriction of afferent arterioles due to decreased release of nitric oxide
Tubuloglomerular feedback (renal autoregulation - intrinsic)
Based on the following, what is the GFR.
Glomerular HS pressure: 60
Capsular HS pressure: 10
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure: 15
Bowmans CO pressure: 0
NFR = 35
The fluid that leaves the bowman's capsule after glomerular filtration is called what?
Ultrafiltrate
What layer of the glomerulus prevents filtration of larger proteins into the nephron?
Basal Lamina of the Glomerulus
What percentage of water, Na+, K+, and Ca+ is reabsorbed in the PT?
What regulations are stimulated due to and increase in blood pressure
Myogenic, TF, and I will accept ANP if you said it because increased blood volume usually indicated increased BP as well
Based on the following what is the GFR or NFR
Glomerular HS pressure: 40
Bowmans capsule HS pressure: 25
Plasma CO pressure: 45
Bowmans CO pressure: 5
-25
What 2 parts of the nephron are most responsible for the secretion of hydrogen ions back into the filtrate?
PT and DT