UTI
Ways to prevent UTI
Proper pericare wiping after urination from front to back
Adequate hydration
Urinate after sexual activity
Showering rather than bathing
Emptying the bladder often
what are s/s of urinary retention?
Oliguria
Bladder distention
How to prevent pyelonephritis?
Complete antibiotics
Proper pericare
Adequate hydration (1.5–2.0 L/day)
What is PKD?
PKD is a condition where the kidneys grow many fluid filled cysts that slowly take over and damage the kidney tissue from staying soft and absorbent, little water balloon cysts start forming inside it over time the kidneys get
what is glomerulonephritis?
a disease that causes inflammation in the glomeruli, which are the tiny filters inside the kidneys that clean the blood.When these filters become swollen or damaged, they can’t remove waste and extra fluid properly. This causes blood and protein to leak into the urine and can lead to swelling, high blood pressure, and decreased kidney function
What are s/s of UTI?
Dysuria
Burning
Frequent urge
Cloudy/foul smell
Lower abdominal pain
What labs/diagnostic test are ran?
A postvoid residual measurement will be ordered
Bladder scan, an ultrasound wand that views the bladder, will be used to measure how much urine is left in the bladder after voiding.
What is pyelonephritis?
UTI involving the kidney Pyelonephritis usually starts from a simple bladder infection but the bacteria travels up to the ureters and reach the kidneys
In PKD it is a priority to decrease progression of ESRD by regulating what VS ?
Blood pressure (hypertension can lead to ESRD if pt has PKD)
•Control Blood pressure
Pt education for glomerulonephritis
monitoring I&Os
•Fluid restrictions
•Low Sodium Diet
•Diuretics
•Controlling high blood pressure
What are labs and diagnostics for UTI?
•A clean catch urinalysis is essential for proper diagnosis.
•Blood will be taken, and a complete blood count (CBC) will be obtained to determine if an elevated serum WBC is present which would show a systemic infection
What to assess in older pt that may have urinary retention?
Assess these patients for bladder distension, voiding patterns, dribbling, and oliguria.
What are the s/s of pyelonephritis?
Fever/chills
Flank pain
N/V
Dysuria
Burning
Frequent urge to pee
Fish type odor coming from the urine
Polyuria
Mental confusion (delirium)
With kidney damage, the client will display manifestations of fluid overload, such as weight gain and edema
What are s/s of PKD?
Flank pain
•Polyuria, Nocturia, Hematuria
•Palpable Kidney Masses
•Hypertension
•Proteinuria
What helps prevent glomerulonephritis?
Monitor urine output
Check renal function (BUN, Cr)
Complete antibiotic per Rx
Fluid restriction (< 1.5 L)
Pain management
Limit sodium intake
Diuretics
What is a UTI?
A UTI is a bladder or urethra infection caused by bacteria getting into the urinary tract.
What are risk factors for urinary retention?
Multiple Sclerosis (comorbidities which means people who have MS are more likely to get urinary retention)
Pelvic organ prolapse
Parkinson’s (comorbidities)
Constipation
Childbirth
What to educate pt on with pyelonephritis?
Prevention and education of disease preventions
Maintain adequate hydration to flush bacteria from the urethra and bladder
Female – wiping front to back to avoid contaminating urethra with fecal matter and avoid feminine sprays or douches
Complete all antibiotics to prevent antibiotic resistant
What diet restrictions go with PKD?
•Educate on diet (limiting protein intake, increasing potassium, limiting fluids)
What can chronic glomerulonephritis cause?
ESRD
Pt education for UTI
Taking antibiotics as prescribed not sharing with others
Complete entire antibiotic regimen
Drink 2 to 3 L of water or other fluids a day
patho for urinary retention?
Urinary retention is an inability to void and empty the bladder. The retention can be either acute or chronic, but both require drainage of the bladder.
Risk factors for pyelonephritis?
2+ UTIs within 10 months (frequent UTI’s)
DM that aren’t controlled
What happens to patients abdomen when they have PKD and why ?
Measuring the client’s abdominal girth will provide a baseline as the kidneys continue to enlarge with cysts, contributing to increased girth.
As cyst grows kidneys enlarge and abd there is an increase in abd growth
Why would the glomerular filtration rate decrease in a patient with AKI following acute tubular necrosis ?
Intrarenal AKI usually occurs with acute tubular necrosis due to nephrotoxic agents or medications, contrast dyes, extended prerenal failure, or aminoglycosides.