1968 - 1992
What did Gerald Ford do about Nixon when he took office?
He pardoned him
What ultimately ended bus segregation in Montgomery?
The Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional.
Why did the murders of James Chaney, Michael Schwerner and Michael Goodman get more attention from the government than other incidents like it?
2 of the victims were white and, in general, civil rights activists who were murdered for fighting for equality were black
Jimmy Carter publicly claimed that his foreign policy was based primarily on what idea?
A concern for human rights
What happened in the My Lai massacre?
American troops massacred 400 - 500 South Vietnamese civilians.
What was the Watergate scandal about?
Members of Nixon's re-election team broke into the Democratic Party Headquarters in the Watergate building to steal documents and install wiretaps
What was the goal of the March on Washington?
To pressure Congress to pass JFK's Civil Rights Act.
Why did John F Kennedy throw his support behind a civil rights bill in 1963?
Because the attacks on nonviolent activists in the Birmingham campaign showed the world that the U.S. was not at all fair or democratic
What caused the Iranian Hostage Crisis?
Jimmy Carter allowed the unpopular dictator of Iran, the Shah, entry to the United States to escape the Iranian Revolution and receive medical treatment and refused to send him back to go on trial.
What event did the government claim was the reason for sending combat troops into Vietnam?
President LBJ claimed that the USS Maddox had been attacked by North Vietnamese torpedo boats
What was Nixon's policy toward the Soviet Union?
Detente (an easing of hostilities)
What are two things that happened to the Little Rock Nine?
A racist white mob kept the students from entering the school on the first day.
The students were nearly lynched by a white mob on the first day of school.
The governor of Arkansas ordered the National Guard to turn them away.
President Eisenhower ordered federal troops to escort them to school.
What did JFK do about the Freedom Rides?
He made an agreement with Alabama officials allowing the Freedom Riders to get arrested.
Why did the U.S. enter the Persian Gulf War?
Because Saddam Hussein, the Iraqi dictator, had invaded Kuwait.
Because the Saudi Arabian government feared Saddam Hussein, the Iraqi dictator, would attack them next and asked for U.S. help
Because George H.W. Bush's advisers thought it would help him win the next election.
Because George H.W. Bush had low poll numbers
When were American soldiers first authorized to engage in combat in Vietnam?
When John F. Kennedy sent military advisors to Vietnam.
What was Nixon the first American president to do?
to resign
to visit China
to make an official visit to Moscow
What did the Supreme Court rule in the second Brown v. Board of Education case?
All public schools needed to be desegregated with "all deliberate speed"
What happened during Bloody Sunday?
Police beat nonviolent civil rights activists trying to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge on Bloody Sunday
Why did Ronald Reagan fail to reach an agreement with the Soviet Union to dismantle all of their nuclear weapons?
he refused to give up his Strategic Defense Initiative ("Star Wars") program.
the Soviets did not want the U.S. to develop the Strategic Defense Initiative more than theoretically.
What were the Pentagon Papers?
A top secret government history of Vietnam that exposed how, starting with Harry S. Truman, every American president through Nixon had lied to the U.S. people
A top secret government history of Vietnam that was partly published in the New York Times.
Name 4 reasons why Nixon won the 1968 election.
The Democratic Party embraced civil rights and many white supremacists left the party.
George Wallace formed a racist third party which siphoned off votes from the Democrats
Nixon adopted the "southern strategy" to get southern white racists to vote Republican
Nixon promised to end the Vietnam War with honor.
He promised to honorably end the Vietnam War.
He secretly negotiated with the South Vietnamese dictatorship to keep the war going and undermine LBJ
Name two things that happened because Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man on a segregated bus
She was arrested.
The Montgomery Improvement Association used her case to launch the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was chosen to lead a movement against segregation in Montgomery.
What are three strategies civil rights organizations used to fight against segregation in the 1950s and early 1960s?
Lawsuits against cities that practiced segregation
Non-violent resistance (like boycotts and sit-ins)
Civil disobedience (peacefully breaking the law)
Provoking confrontation with white supremacists to get media coverage.
What are three illegal things Ronald Reagan's government did?
sold weapons to the Iranian government
sent money to the contras of Nicaragua
allowed the contras to illegally smuggle cocaine into the U.S.
reached out to the Iranian government to keep American diplomats hostage until he won the 1980 election
What are 3 reasons why Ngo Din Diem was unpopular in South Vietnam?
He was a Catholic in a majority Buddhist nation
He did nothing about land reform (giving land to landless peasants)
He was a dictator in a nation that largely supported Ho Chi Minh
He limited the rights of Buddhists to practice their religion.