Reconstruction
The twelve-year period after the Civil War in which the rebel Southern states were integrated back into the Union
What is Reconstruction?
The telegram sent from the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico, which invited Mexico to fight alongside Germany should the United States enter World War I on the side of the Allies.
What is the Zimmermann telegram?
The area in the middle of the country that had been badly overfarmed in the 1920s and suffered from a terrible drought that coincided with the Great Depression; the name came from the “black blizzard” of topsoil and dust that blew through the area.
What is the Dust Bowl?
The policy of giving in to threats and aggression in the hopes that the aggressor will be satisfied and make no more demands.
What is appeasement?
A list of people suspected of having Communist sympathies who were denied work as a result
What is blacklist?
a crop-lien system in which people paid rent on land they farmed (but did not own) with the crops they grew
What is sharecropping?
The name for the war bonds that the U.S. government sold, and strongly encouraged Americans to buy, as a way of raising money for the war effort.
What are liberty bonds?
October 29, 1929, when a mass panic caused a crash in the stock market and stockholders divested over sixteen million shares, causing the overall value of the stock market to drop precipitously
What is Black Tuesday?
The nickname given to the leaders of the three major Allied nations: Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin
What are the Big Three?
The U.S. policy that sought to limit the expansion of Communism abroad
What is containment?
An oath that the Wade-Davis Bill required a majority of voters and government officials in Confederate states to take; it involved swearing that they had never supported the Confederacy
What is the Ironclad Oath?
Woodrow Wilson’s idea for a group of countries that would promote a new world order and territorial integrity through open discussions, rather than intimidation and war.
What is the League of Nations?
A public program for unemployed young men from relief families who were put to work on conservation and land management projects around the country
What is the Civilian Conservation Corps?
June 6, 1944, the date of the invasion of Normandy, France, by British, Canadian, and American forces, which opened a second front in Europe.
What is D-Day?
The theory that if Communism made inroads in one nation, surrounding nations would also succumb one by one, like a chain of dominos toppling one another
What is the domino theory?
Laws some southern states designed to maintain White supremacy by keeping freed people impoverished and in debt
What are Black Codes?
Woodrow Wilson’s postwar peace plan, which called for openness in all matters of diplomacy, including free trade, freedom of the seas, and an end to secret treaties and negotiations, among others
What is the Fourteen Points?
Roosevelt’s plan, after being reelected, to pack the Supreme Court with an additional six justices, one for every justice over seventy who refused to step down.
What is the Supreme Court Packing Plan?
The forced incarceration of the West Coast Japanese and Japanese American population into ten relocation centers for the greater part of World War II.
What is internment?
A defense strategy, sometimes called “mutually assured destruction” or MAD, adopted by Eisenhower that called for launching a large-scale nuclear attack on the Soviet Union in response to a first Soviet strike at the United States
What is massive retaliation?
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, which was created in 1865 to ease Black peoples’ transition from slavery to freedom
What is the Freedmen's Bureau?
Woodrow Wilson’s policy of maintaining commercial ties with all belligerents and insisting on open markets throughout Europe during World War I.
What is neutrality?
The tariff approved by Hoover to raise the tax on thousands of imported goods in the hope that it would encourage people to buy American-made products; the unintended result was that other nations raised their tariffs, further hurting American exports and exacerbating the global financial crisis.
What is the Smoot-Hawley Tariff?
The plane that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima.
What is the Enola Gay?
A program giving billions of dollars of U.S. aid to European countries to prevent them from turning to Communism
What is the Marshall Plan?