Gilded Age
The consolidation of industrial power, where single companies or groups of corporations dominate an entire industry, eliminating competition to control prices and production.
Monopolies
Newspapers that used sensational headlines and exaggerated stories in order to promote readership
Yellow Journalism
Established "separate but equal" doctrine, upholding state racial segregations laws for public facilities.
Plessy v. Ferguson
A secret society formed in the South with the intention of promoting white supremacy and denying African Americans the exercise of their new rights
Ku Klux Klan
American public’s growing distrust of statements made by the government during the Vietnam War.
Credibility Gap
Influential, ruthless American industrialists of the late 19th-century Gilded Age who amassed unprecedented fortunes through dominant practices, exploiting workers, and manipulating markets.
Robber Barons
At the end of the Spanish-American War in 1898, the United States gained control of Puerto Rico and the Philippines. This began U.S. interest in building and controlling a canal across Central America.
Panama Canal
Declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional, overturning Plessy.
Brown v. Board of Education
State laws passed throughout the South to enforce racial segregation of public facilities
Jim Crow Laws
Lowered the legal voting age in the United States from 21 to 18.
26th Amendment
Acted as a primary catalyst for growth by lowering freight costs and connecting remote markets. This stimulated industries like steel and coal and facilitated westward expansion, though their immense power led to early debates over market regulation.
Growth of Railroads
He promoted an aggressive foreign policy, summarized as "speak softly and carry a big stick," which included securing the rights to build the Panama Canal.
Theodore Roosevelt
Decided that Mexican Americans and all other racial groups in the U.S. had equal protection under the 14ht Amendment.
Hernandez v. Texas
Law that banned discrimination in public places and employment based on race, religion, or national origin
Civil Rights Act of 1964
A mandatory military conscription system that drafted 2.2 million men out of 27 million eligible American males, it aimed to fill troop shortage.
Vietnam Draft
Fueled by the expansion of railroads, which allowed western ranchers to transport meat to growing eastern cities.
Cattle Industry Boom
A brief, decisive conflict ignited by Cuba’s independence struggle and the sinking of the USS Maine. Ending in a swift victory, the war concluded with the US gaining Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.
Spanish-American War
Ruled that a separate law school for African Americans at the University of Texas was not equal to the all-white school.
Sweatt v. Painter
President Lyndon Johnson's goals in the areas of health care, education, the environment, discrimination, and poverty
Great Society
A reference by President Nixon to describe who he considered to be a large number of people that are not vocal about their support of U.S. foreign and domestic policies.
Silent Majority
These formed as a response to low wages, long hours, and hazardous working conditions.
Growth of Labor Unions
A powerful Navy is essential to protect trade routes. The U.S. government should build a canal across Central America. The canal will allow American ships to pass quickly between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Alfred Thayer Mahan
Ruled that Amish parents' right to freedom of religion outweighed the state's interest in educating children past the either grade.
Wisconsin v. Yoder
Outlawed the poll tax as a voting requirement in federal elections
24th Amendment
A landmark Supreme Court case affirming that public school students do not lose their First Amendment rights to free speech when entering school.
Tinker v. Des Moines