Native America & Exploration
This factor helped explain why Native societies in the Northeast, Great Plains, Southwest, and Northwest developed differently.
What is geography/the environment?
This 1492 voyage began sustained European contact with the Americas.
What is Christopher Columbus's voyage?
This forced voyage transported enslaved Africans across the Atlantic.
What is the Middle Passage?
Fishing, shipbuilding, commerce, and small farms were especially important in this colonial region.
What is New England?
John Winthrop used this phrase to describe his vision of Massachusetts Bay as an example of a godly society.
What is “City upon a Hill”?
The three words commonly used to summarize European motives for exploration are these.
What are God, Gold, and Glory?
The transfer of plants, animals, diseases, people, and ideas between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia is known by this name.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
Under this Spanish system, Indigenous communities were required to provide labor or tribute to colonists.
What is encomienda?
Fertile farmland and grain production made this region an important agricultural center.
What are the Middle Colonies?
This 1680 Native uprising temporarily forced the Spanish out of New Mexico.
What is the Pueblo Revolt?
The caravel, compass, and astrolabe all helped Europeans accomplish this.
What is long-distance ocean exploration/navigation?
This disease contributed to catastrophic Indigenous population decline after European contact.
What is smallpox?
These workers usually agreed to work for a set number of years, often in exchange for passage to America.
Who were indentured servants?
Plantation agriculture and cash crops contributed to greater reliance on enslaved labor in this colonial region.
What are the Southern Colonies?
This New England conflict involved colonists fighting Native peoples led by Metacom.
What is King Philip's War?
Irrigation agriculture and pueblo communities developed partly in response to the dry environment of this Native American cultural region.
What is the Southwest?
This European empire is most associated with encomienda, missionary activity, mining, and large territorial conquest.
What is Spain?
This economic theory held that colonies should increase the wealth and power of their mother country.
What is mercantilism?
This empire generally relied more heavily on fur trading and alliances with Native peoples than on large settler populations.
What is France?
This 1676 Virginia uprising involved conflict over western settlement, Native lands, and tensions between poorer settlers and colonial elites.
What is Bacon's Rebellion?
Explain how both technology and political/economic competition contributed to European Atlantic exploration.
Improved ships and navigation made longer voyages possible, while European states competed for trade routes, wealth, territory, and power.
Explain ONE demographic effect of the Columbian Exchange on Native Americans and ONE demographic effect on Europeans.
Afro-Eurasian diseases caused enormous Indigenous population decline, while American crops such as potatoes and maize improved European food supplies and contributed to population growth.
Complete and explain this causal chain:
Cash crops → __________ → expansion of African slavery
What is increased demand for labor?
Reasoning: profitable plantation agriculture required large amounts of labor, contributing to the expansion of enslaved African labor, which was further expanded due to the Malaria outbreak in the Americas.
Explain how geography caused economic differences between New England and the Southern colonies.
New England's rocky soil, forests, and coastline encouraged trade, fishing, shipbuilding, and smaller farms, while the South's fertile land and long growing season encouraged plantation agriculture and cash crops.
This religious movement emphasized emotional preaching and personal religious experience while challenging traditional religious authority across the colonies.
What is the Great Awakening?