Ideas and Reformers
This belief applied Charles Darwin’s ideas about natural selection to human society and argued that the wealthy were successful because they were supposedly the “fittest.”
What is Social Darwinism?
This late-1800s farmers' organization worked to improve farmers' economic and political power.
What was the Granger movement?
Workers used this tactic by refusing to work in order to pressure employers to improve wages or working conditions.
What is a strike?
A large company or group of companies that controlled an entire industry was commonly called this.
What is a monopoly?
Theodore Roosevelt called his Progressive reform program this, promising a balance between business, workers, and consumers.
What was the Square Deal?
This movement argued that Christians had a responsibility to address poverty, poor working conditions, and other social problems.
What is the Social Gospel?
Farmers criticized these companies for charging high rates to transport crops and supplies.
What were railroads?
This labor leader founded the American Federation of Labor and focused on improving wages, hours, and working conditions.
Who was Samuel Gompers?
This 1890 law was the first major federal attempt to outlaw monopolistic business practices.
What was the Sherman Antitrust Act?
These two laws passed during Roosevelt's presidency regulated the safety of food and medicines and required federal inspection of meat.
What were the Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act?
This African American leader promoted vocational education and economic self-reliance as a path toward racial advancement.
Who was Booker T. Washington?
This political movement sought to represent farmers and workers and supported reforms such as free silver and government regulation of railroads.
What was Populism?
This labor leader became associated with the Pullman Strike and later became a prominent socialist.
Who was Eugene V. Debs?
This 1914 law strengthened federal regulation of monopolies and prohibited certain anti-competitive practices.
What was the Clayton Antitrust Act?
Roosevelt became known for taking action against these powerful business organizations.
What were trusts/monopolies?
This African American scholar demanded immediate civil rights and helped found the NAACP.
Who was W.E.B. Du Bois?
This Populist proposal called for increasing the amount of money in circulation by allowing silver to be used alongside gold.
What was free silver?
During the Coal Creek labor conflict in Tennessee, miners resisted this system that replaced free miners with imprisoned laborers.
What was convict leasing/prison labor?
These journalists investigated corruption, unsafe conditions, and abuses by powerful businesses and government officials.
Who were muckrakers?
Wilson's Progressive program was called this and focused on reducing the power of large corporations and reforming the banking system.
What was the New Freedom?
Unlike Booker T. Washington, this leader argued that African Americans should pursue higher education and immediately fight for political and civil rights.
Who was W.E.B. Du Bois?
Farmers supported government regulation of railroads primarily because they believed railroad companies did this to farmers.
What is charged unfairly high rates/freight prices?
Employers and government officials often responded to strikes by using court injunctions, replacement workers, police, or troops because they feared this.
What is disruption of business/economic production and social disorder?
This muckraker exposed Standard Oil's business practices and helped increase public support for government regulation of monopolies.
Who was Ida Tarbell?
This Wilson-era law created the nation's central banking system and gave the federal government greater control over the banking system.
What was the Federal Reserve Act?