Key Science Skills
Ethics
Development
Brain Structure
Nervous System
100
The key elements included in a hypothesis?
What is IV, DV, and Direction/Prediction
Also, population
100
The two different areas of ethics considered for Psychological research.
What is Ethical Concepts and Ethical Guidelines?
100
This holistic framework considers psychological development and mental wellbeing through the interaction of biological, cognitive/emotional, and environmental factors.
What is the Biopsychosocial model?
100
Situated at the rear of the frontal lobe, this area controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements contralaterally, meaning the left hemisphere initiates movement on the right side of the body.
What is the primary motor cortex?
100
A division of the nervous system, comprised of the brain and spinal cord.
What is the Central nervous system
200
A researcher hypothesised that listening to music while studying would divide student’s attention and therefore result in poorer academic performance, compared to students who didn't listen to music. In this hypothesis, academic performance is the...
What is the Dependent Variable?
200
Participants understand the nature of the research, including any potential benefits and risks, before agreeing to participate.
What is informed consent?
200
At what stage of our lifetime does psychological development end?
What is - it doesn't? Development is a continuum throughout an individuals lifetime.
200
Governing executive functions such as logic, reasoning, planning, and emotional regulation, this association area is the last region of the brain to fully mature, reaching completion at around 25 years of age - is this why teenagers behave like they do?
What is the prefrontal cortex?
200
The substance which protects the axon of a neuron and insulates neural messages.
The substance which protects the axon of a neuron and insulates neural messages.What is the myelin sheath?
300
Without this an experiment can not have external validity.
What is internal validity?
300
This ethical guideline guarantees that participants can discontinue their involvement in a study at any time during or after its conclusion—and have their collected data removed—without facing any penalty or loss of compensation.
What are Withdrawal Rights?
300
Unlike rigid critical periods, these flexible windows of development represent the optimal time for acquiring a specific skill—such as learning a second language—most quickly and efficiently.
What are sensitive periods?
300
Located at the front of the parietal lobe, this region receives and processes bodily sensations such as touch, temperature, pressure, and pain (and it sounds like something to put on a pie).
What is the somatosensory cortex?
300
Located at the base of the brain, this hindbrain structure coordinates fine skeletal muscle movement, regulates balance, and consolidates procedural memories for sequential actions like tying shoelaces or riding a bike.
What is the cerebellum?
400
A researcher looking into heart rate and exercise asked participants to complete a 10min run on a 35degree day. Over half of the participants could not complete the challenge due to the weather. The weather is what type of extraneous variable?
What is Situational?
400
This ethical issue involves intentionally misleading participants about the true aim or nature of a study, and it is only permissible when knowing the truth would alter behavior and compromise experimental validity.
What is Deception?
400
This term is defined as an activity or pattern of behaviour that differs significantly from how an individual usually acts or what is socially expected.
What is atypical behaviour?
400
Damage to this area, located exclusively in the left temporal lobe, may cause a person to lose the ability to interpret the meaning of language and comprehend spoken speech.
What is Wernike's area?
400
What does this image of a homunculus show about the our sensory and motor systems?
What is areas which are more sensitive or have a higher number of neural connections.
500
Potentially occuring in a within-subjects experimental design, this confounding variable is due to the order in which participants partake in the experimental and control conditions.
What is order effects?
500
Conducted at the conclusion of every study, this mandatory procedure ensures participants leave understanding the experimental aim, results, and conclusions, while also addressing any deception used and offering psychological support.
What is Debriefing?
500
Designed by Mary Ainsworth, this standardized laboratory procedure evaluates infant attachment styles by observing how a child reacts to separations and reunions with their primary caregiver and a stranger in an unfamiliar setting
What is the Strange Situation?
500
The ability for the brain to alter its structures in response to experiences that includes pruning, rerouting, and sprouting.
What is synaptic plasticity?
500
The branching structures at the opposite ends of the neuron, one receives the signal and the other passes it on to the next neuron.
What are dendrites and axon terminal?
600
A type of study conducted over an extended period of time, where the same participants are followed up periodically throughout the length of the study is a ___________
What is a Longitudinal study?
600
Unlike specific participant guidelines, this broad ethical concept represents a researcher's commitment to maximizing potential benefits while minimizing risks and harms involved in a study.
What is Beneficence?
600
This landmark investigation demonstrated that infant rhesus monkeys preferred a soft cloth surrogate over a wire mother that provided milk, proving the necessity of contact comfort in forming attachments.
What is Harlow's monkey study (or Harry Harlow's attachment experiment)?
600
When an entire cerebral hemisphere is surgically removed (a procedure known as a hemispherectomy) to treat severe neurological conditions, the remaining hemisphere can take over lost functions through this specific form of neuroplasticity, driven by sprouting and rerouting.
What is adaptive plasticity (or adaptive neuroplasticity)?
600
Situated just beneath the thalamus, this small forebrain region maintains internal biological balance (homeostasis) by regulating body temperature, hunger, thirst, and hormone secretion, while also contributing to emotional responses within the limbic system
What is the hypothalamus?