Social Cognition
This theory explains how people assign causes to their own and others' behaviour.
What is attribution theory?
This term describes changing one's behaviour or beliefs to align with a group's norms or expectations.
What is conformity?
This model describes attitudes as consisting of Affective, Behavioural, and Cognitive components.
What is the ABC model of attitudes?
This type of depth cue requires the use of both eyes to judge distance.
What is a binocular depth cue?
These factors include an individual's past experiences, motivation, emotion and expectations that influence how they interpret sensory information.
What are personal factors (of perception)?
This bias describes attributing others' behaviour to internal/dispositional factors while underestimating situational factors.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
This researcher's line-judgment experiments demonstrated the power of normative social influence on conformity.
Who is Solomon Asch?
This term refers to an oversimplified and generalised belief about a particular group of people.
What is a stereotype?
This monocular depth cue occurs when one object partially blocks another, making the blocked object appear farther away.
What is interposition (overlap)?
This term refers to the surrounding information or environment that helps us interpret a stimulus.
What is context?
This bias describes attributing our own behaviour to situational factors but others' behaviour to dispositional factors.
What is actor-observer bias?
This term describes complying with a direct command from an authority figure, as studied in Stanley Milgram's shock experiments.
What is obedience?
This term describes an unjustified negative attitude towards a person based on their membership of a group.
What is prejudice?
This binocular depth cue refers to the slightly different images received by each eye due to their different positions on the head.
What is retinal disparity?
This term describes an inbuilt drive or need that can influence what we pay attention to and how we perceive a stimulus.
What is motivation?
This term describes the mental process of forming impressions of other people.
What is person perception?
This phenomenon describes individuals feeling less personal responsibility to help a victim when other bystanders are present.
What is the bystander effect?
This type of culture emphasises independence, personal goals, and self-reliance over group needs.
What is individualist culture?
This perceptual constancy allows us to perceive an object as the same size regardless of the size of the image it casts on the retina.
What is size constancy?
This term describes a mismatch between a perception and the actual physical stimulus, such as an optical illusion.
What is a perceptual distortion?
This effect occurs when an initial positive or negative impression of a person influences our judgement of their other unrelated traits.
What is the halo effect?
This term describes a loss of personal identity and reduced self-restraint that can occur within a large group or crowd.
What is deindividuation?
This uncomfortable psychological state arises when a person holds two conflicting cognitions, or when behaviour conflicts with an attitude.
What is cognitive dissonance?
This Gestalt principle describes our tendency to group objects together because they are close to one another.
What is the principle of proximity?
This famous illusion uses arrow-like tails on line ends to create the perception that two equal-length lines are different lengths.
What is the Muller-Lyer illusion?