Social Cognition
What is the difference between an internal and an external attribution
Internal: evalution of behaviour due to personal qualities
External:evaluation of behaviour due to environmental qualities
A teacher tells their students to sit down at the start of a lesson, and the students do it. This is an example of...
Obedience.
This is the ability to distribute our attention so that two or more activities may be performed simultaneously.
Divided attention.
This is a person who is more sensitive to certain tastes than most others, especially bitter foods.
Supertaster.
This contains the independent variable, dependent variable, and a direction word.
Hypothesis.
The tendency to allow a positive quality of a person to influence our beliefs and expectations about the person in other qualities.
Halo effect
What is the difference between discrimination and prejudice?
Prejudice refers to negative beliefs held about a certain group of people, while discrimination refers to unjust treatment of certain people.
What is the difference between selective and sustained attention?
Selective is for a short period of time, sustained is for a long period of time.
An illusion in which one line appears longer than another due to arrowheads.
Muller-Lyer illusion.
This is a research methodology that investigates the relationship between two measured variables, e.g., the relationship between hours of sleep and exam results.
Correlational study.
What is the name of the conflict Maria is currently going through
Maria eats KFC but she feels like its bad for her. Even though maria knows its not healthy, it makes her happy so she continues to eat it!
Cognitive dissonance
This is a way of thinking by individual members of a group characterised by a strong tendency to seek agreement when decision-making or problem-solving, thereby overriding any realistic consideration of possible alternative, better options.
Groupthink.
Yu can sitll raed tihs snetecne wouthit too mcuh dicffiutly depsite the sepillng mitsakes. Tihs is bcuseae it deosn’t mttaer waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are. The olny iprmoetnt detial is taht the frist and lsat ltteers of each wrod are in the rghit pclae.
This occurs when perception is guided and influenced by cognitive processes, such as drawing on your past experience, knowledge and expectations in order to interpret and assign meaning to raw sensory information.
Top-down processing.
When Matthew shapes hamburger patties with his hands, he experiences a vivid bitter taste in his mouth. To Sean, the taste of beef is dark blue and the smell of almonds is pale orange. And when Jeff looks at printed black numbers, he sees them in colour, each a different colour.
Synaesthesia.
Milgram's experiment was unethical: "because people suffered and believed they were inflicting pain and death on others". The ethical concept this breaches is:
Non-Maleficence.
This is the tendency to overestimate personal factors, and underestimate situational factors when judging other people's behaviour.
Fundamental attribution error.
Milgram found that, the closer the researcher was to the 'teacher' (person administering the shock), the more likely that person was to administer the shock. What is this called?
Proximity.
Name all four gestalt principles (100 points per)
Closure
Figure Ground
Proximity
Similarity
Mr V. is a patient in a rehabilitation facility. Soon after waking in the morning, he proceeds to shave his face. When he puts the shaver down to go to breakfast, it is apparent that he shaved only the right side of his face.
The disorder Mr V. is experiencing is:
Spatial neglect.
What is the difference between internal and external validity?
Internal validity is whether the study measured what it intended to, whereas external validity is whether the results can be generalised to the wider population.
1. Identify the 3 components of an attitude from this scenario
Maria eats KFC but she feels like its bad for her. Even though maria knows its not healthy, it makes her happy so she continues to eat it!
Affective:eating KFC makes her happy
Behavioural: She eats/continues to eat it
Cognitive: Maria knows it's not healthy
In Asch's line experiment, how many confederates needed to NOT conform for participants to also conform much less often? What is this called?
If 1 confederate did not conform, participants also became much less likely to (this is called unanimity).
Name all five monocular depth cues (100 points per)
Relative Size
Interposition
Linear Perspective
Texture Gradient
Relative Height
After a car accident Mr A. had difficulty recognising familiar faces and objects. He could recognise his family and friends by their voices but not by sight. If separated from his wife when shopping, he was unable to find her again.
This man's symptoms can be explained by:
Associative visual agnosia.
What is the difference between an extraneous and a confounding variable?
An extraneous variable MIGHT have impacted the DV, whereas a confounding variable DID affect the DV.