replication
What was the only viral genome that can enter?
Nuclei acid only
What process allows a retrovirus to remain hidden in the host cells DNA for a long period of time
Integration
What are interferons?
These proteins are released by infected cells and Help prevent from replicating in nearby Cells
What does a virus insert into a cell that can lead to cancer
The virus inserts, genetic material DNA into the cell
What are viruses?
About 8% of the human genome is made up to an genetic material from these infectious agents
What stage can the viral genome hide?
Prophage
What enzyme inserts, viral DNA into the host cell genome
Integrase
What is a cytotoxic T cell
This is an immune cell that directly kills virus infected cells by recognizing antigens on MHC Class I molecules
How are viruses and cancer connected?
Some viruses can trigger changes in infected cells that may lead to cancer
What is evolution?
Viruses contribute to this process by inserting their genetic material into DNA leading to new traits over time
What happens when the virus leaves the cell?
Lysis cell death
What biological principle do retroviruses reverse by converting RNA into DNA?
The central dogma
What is phagocytosis
This process allows immune cells to engulf And destroy virus infected cells
What happens to a cell when it starts dividing uncontrollably?
It can form tumors and lead to cancer overtime
What is ecosystem balance?
By infecting and killing bacteria, viruses help maintain this condition in ecosystems
what are the two stages in order and what one is active?
Cysogenic then Lytic is active
What type of immune cell is primarily targeted by HIV
CD4 T cells
What are antibodies
These proteins bind to viruses and help neutralize For deconstruction
What are transformed cells?
Cells that have been changed by a virus and abnormal growth like dividing indefinitely
What are bacteriophages
These viruses specifically infect bacteria and help regulate microbial populations in the body
What stage gets messed up with that allowed for H GT to occur
Hard induction than separation
Why do retroviruses mutate rapidly?
To reverse transcriptase lacks proofreading ability
What is active immunity
This type of immunity occurs when the body Produces its own antibodies after Exposure to A virus or vaccine
Name, one type of virus that can cause cancer in humans
Papillomavirus , hepatitis B virus, HTLV one, herpes virus
What is the Microbiome?
Viruses help keep this internal community of microorganisms in the human body, stable and healthy