Vitamin Variety
This condition is the clinical term for a severe deficiency of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) characterized by gingivitis and delayed wound healing.
What is scurvy?
Bonus 100 points: What painful condition can happen with too much Vit C?
This mineral regulates fluid balance and blood volume; its deficiency can lead to seizures or coma in severe cases.
What is Sodium?
This disease is caused by the autoimmune destruction of beta cells and typically requires insulin replacement.
What is Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
This class of drugs works by stimulating insulin release from the beta cells in the pancreas and improving binding to insulin receptors.
What are Sulfonylureas?
This lab helps detect whether the patient has good control over their blood glucose levels over time.
What is A1c?
This fat-soluble vitamin is used as an antidote for Warfarin excess.
What is Vitamin K (Phytonadione)?
Bonus 100 points; Why is Vit K routinely given to newborns?
This mineral should NEVER be given as an IV push (IVP) because its toxicity can cause palpitations and EKG changes.
What is Potassium?
This complication of hyperglycemia is characterized by fruity breath and fast, deep respirations.
What are ketones (or ketoacidosis/Kussmaul’s respirations)?
This agent lowers both basal and postprandial glucose levels by decreasing hepatic glucose production and increasing glucose uptake.
What is Metformin or biguanides?
Bonus 100 points; Which drug class has an effect on incretin hormones?
When taking noninsulin antidiabetic agents, the patient should also be doing this to make the medications most effective.
What are changes in diet and exercise?/What are lifestyle changes?
Bonus 100 points; What are some unique ADE of SGLT 2 inhibitors?
Pellagra is a deficiency of this specific B vitamin, which is also used as a lipid-lowering agent.
What is Niacin (Vitamin B3)?
Bonus 100 points: What are the three vitamins most helpful in wound healing?
Deficiencies in this vitamin can lead to bone-related issues such as rickets, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis.
What is Vitamin D?
Bonus 100 points; Why does rickets only happen in children?
These are the three "Polys" associated with hyperglycemia: increased hunger, increased thirst, and increased urination.
What are Polyphagia, Polydipsia, and Polyuria?
Bonus 100 points; What two substances can be found in the urine of someone with DKA?
These medications block the co-transporter system so that glucose is not reabsorbed in the kidneys but is instead lost in the urine.
What are SGLT-2 Inhibitors?
Before giving rapid or fast acting insulin, the nurse should make sure this is present.
What is food/snack? What is a recent BG reading?
Megaloblastic anemia and neurologic symptoms like paresthesias and memory loss are signs of a deficiency in this vitamin.
What is Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)?
Bonus 100 points; Which vitamin type is more likely to lead to overdose?
This specific substance is the antidote for Magnesium toxicity.
What is Calcium Gluconate?
Bonus 100 points; What are some indications for magnesium?
What condition is associated with these signs; shakiness, dizziness, sweating, hunger, tachycardia, and confusion.
What is hypoglycemia?
Bonus 100 points; What can happen to someone if hypoglycemia is not addressed?
This class of drugs decreases insulin resistance in peripheral cells and the liver while increasing the body's responsiveness to insulin.
What are Thiazolidinediones?
The nurse needs to alternate injection sites in order to avoid this.
Lipodystrophy
Bonus 100 points; What two antidiabetic medications can be injected?
Night blindness, impaired skin integrity, and dry eyes are common signs of a deficiency in this fat-soluble vitamin.
What is Vitamin A?
Bonus 100 points; What type of vitamin is vit A?
Postmenopausal women should take this mineral to prevent osteoporosis.
What is Calcium?
Bonus 100 points; What vitamin can help calcium absorption?
This medication is used to mobilize stored glycogen from the liver.
What is Glucagon?
Bonus 100 points; What can happen if given with anticoagulants?
These agonists work by increasing insulin release, decreasing glucagon release, and slowing down GI emptying.
What are GLP-1 Agonists?
This condition is a "black box warning" for patients taking Biguanides/Metformin.
What is lactic acidosis?