Volcanoes (Magma and Eruptions)
Earthquakes
Rock Cycles
Miscellaneous
Pancake Lab
100
What is a volcano?
an opening at Earth's surface through which magma erupts!
100
change of shape in rock due to stress...
deformation
100
what are the three types of rocks?
igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary
100
Plate Tectonics are...
the theory that big plates of the outermost layer moved and changed shape.
100
what did the batter represent?
silicon
200
True or False? When there is more gas, there is a bigger explosion.
True
200
what is a rubber band an example of, and why?
elastic rebound theory, because if you stretch it a lot, and then let go, energy is released, and then it snaps back making it an example of elastic rebound. (In real life, these types of waves can cause earthquakes)
200
what do you need to do to magma to turn it into igneous rock?
crystallization needs to occur.
200
rift zones subduction zones hot spots.. types of
are three zones of magma formation
200
which magma type had more batter (A or B)
Magma B
300
Give 3 descriptions of Felsic Volcano (may vary)
high in silicon more viscous explosive eruptions high in gases composite shield thick
300
which travels faster? body waves or surface waves? Give descriptions of each type of body wave.
body waves. There are two types of body waves. P and S waves. P, as in primary waves travel faster and that through anything. That is the first wave a seismograph (instrument used to measure waves) identifies, and sometimes secondary waves. Secondary waves are not always there. They can only go through solids, and are usually more dangerous than P waves.
300
coal is what type of sedimentary rock?
organic rock
300
shield cones - divergent and hot spots cinder cones - convergent composite cones - convergent...
are the three cones and where are they usually located?
300
B had high levels of silica. Give 4 characteristics of the type of magma it has. Then say what type was it.
High dissolved gases, composite cone, high viscosity, explosive material. This would have felsic magma.
400
What type of element in the magma comes from the asthenosphere and one from the lithosphere?
in the asthenosphere more magnesium comes out, whereas in the lithosphere, there is more silicon. (These are important to know for further descriptions of each type of volcano)
400
how do you measure the magnitude of an earthquake?
You graph the S - P interval, which is on one side of a nomogram, and graph the amplitude of the S interval on the other. From those two endpoints, you connect a line, which in between has a scale that measures the magnitude, and the magnitude is determined by where the line crosses the scale.
400
give some characteristics of intrusive rock
large grains felsic magma light rock slow cooling underground
400
compressional (pushes and pulls back and forth. It is horizontal motion)...
the type of motion P waves have?
400
True or False? Volcano A had taken more time to have bubbles and had higher viscosity. If false, explain why.
false, because magma A was runny, and spread out more, making it less viscous than B. It actually had more bubbles, and came faster because it's gases dissolved easily, and thus less pressure.
500
What would be a good example we did in class of showing how two different magma types have different amounts of pressure, causing it to do different things. describe what that station demonstrated. Hint( it was the second station)
In the second station, there were two water bottles, labeled as A and B. If you shook both of them, and opened there caps, the result will show that bottle A didn't do anything, except maybe have some little bubbles, but B's water was rising so much, that if someone didn't close the cap, it could have leaked. If you squeezed both of them, bottle A would press easily, whereas B would be harder to compress. This showed that A had low dissolved gases, and less pressure in it, classifying it as mafic magma. Bottle B had high dissolved gases, and lots of pressure, matching it's characteristics to felsic magma. (this answer is very long, but to show my understanding I did this)
500
What does the process of triangulation show us.
Triangulation show us the location of the epicenter. The epicenter is found where all three circles meet. Right below the epicenter is the focus, which shows us where the earthquake originated from.
500
how can you turn metamorphic into igneous? how can you turn metamorphic into magma?
you can turn metamorphic rock into igneous by using weathering or some people even say uplift. you can turn metamorphic rock into magma by melting it.
500
explain in at least four sentences how chocolate can represent the rock cycle
I would personally start with a chocolate that's already in its wrapper. Once you take it out, you'll notice that it's solid. That would represent an igneous rock. The next step would be to weather it, so it turns into sediment. To represent weathering, just simply break it. That's right, break it into pieces. Once you have sediment, you can rode into a piece of paper, and deposit all the chocolate sediments by folding the paper. Now, to turn it into sedimentary rock, you need to go through a process which is called lithification. This is where heat and pressure cause the chocolate to harden a bit, and become sedimentary rock. This next step is kind of similar to lithification. It is called metamorphism, to turn the rock into metamorphic. This is when you need intense heat and pressure, which causes the rock to join the other pieces, and possibly change color, if there are two different types. The next step is turning the rock into magma. The rock melts in order for that to be possible. So! What are you waiting for! Eat that delicious chocolate, but keep in mind that there's a purpose to it. It's representing the rock melting into magma. Now the final step. You need to show crystallization, by hardening the melted chocolate, into igneous, so the whole cycle can start again. In my opinion, in won't work as gum, where you can just throw it, and it will harden. In this situation, as much as it sounds gross, you can see the result when you are in the bathroom :)
500
With the characteristics explained of each magma type, what type of magma was magma A, and what was B. Explain why.
magma A was mafic, because it had low batter, representing low level of silica, and it spread out, showing that it was a shield cone. It's bubbles came very early, and that too a lot of it, showing that it's dissolved gases escaped easily. Magma B was felsic, because it had more batter, making it have high levels of silicon, and making it more viscous than magma A. The pancake was all scrunched up, and that resembles a composite cone. It's bubbles took long to come out, and that too not that many.
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