Presidency
He was the first "modern" president, setting tmany precedents later executives have followed.
Who was Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)?
Colloquial term for when 19th Century presidents filled government jobs with campaign supporters.
What is the spoils system? What is patronage?
The power that SCOTUS granted to itself in the landmark Marbury v. Madison decision.
What is judicial review?
Probably accounted for half of the national poll error in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.
What are timing effects?
What the president's party usually suffers two years into the presidency.
What is midterm loss?
Jefferson met this obligation by submitting a written report instead of giving a speech.
What is the State of the Union Address?
Portions of the federal bureaucracy that the president can only influence loosely because they're insulated from the administration.
What are independent agencies?
Name for the intermediate federal courts, which usually exercise appellate jurisdiction.
What are Circuit Courts? What are courts of appeal?
The uncertainty created in a poll when too few people are included in the study.
What is sampling error?
Gained the power to elect U.S. senators during Taft's presidency.
Who are regular voters (due to direct Senate elections)?
Pres. Wilson failed to get Senate approval for this treaty.
What is the League of Nations?
The name for federal monies appropriated to state & local governments to implement federal programs.
What are government grants?
The model of judicial behavior that expects justices to consider institutional legitimacy when ruling on cases.
What is the Strategic Model?
When survey respondents are randomly given different question wording or framing to see how they respond to different treatments.
What is a survey experiment?
The informal power presidents have that lets them succeed at using their formal Power to Recommend.
What is the Power to Persuade?
Pres. Jackson focused on building this instead of on building up his or his office's power.
What is the Democracy? What is a mass party?
It carries out federal programs but works for other governments or for contractors instead of directly for the feds.
What is the shadow bureaucracy?
What a justice writes to communicate agreeing with the outcome of a SCOTUS decision but disagreeing with the legal reasoning.
What is a Concurring Opinion?
Refers to when a voter's political attitudes are not organized into a coherent political ideology.
What are unconstrained opinions?
The sort of personality observed in presidents like Richard Nixon who are focused on getting & holding power.
What is an Active-Negative character?
Presidents work these out instead of trying to get treaties through the Senate.
What are executive agreements?
What presidents often pursue instead of trying to work with Congress.
What is unilateral executive action?
SCOTUS declared unconstitutional the part of the Judiciary Act that assigned them this in Marbury's case.
What is original jurisdiction?
When a survey question portrays an issue in a way that only elicits a selective portion of the respondent's beliefs.
What are Framing Effects?
What is the Emoluments Clause?