Vocabulary I
Vocabulary II
Exhibitions
-isms
Grab Bag
100
Define "readymades"
What is an object from popular or material culture presented without further manipulation as an artwork by the artist simply because he/she determines that it is art.
100
Define "en plein air"
What is painting outdoors, typically practiced by the Impressionists who were interested in capturing the fugitive effects of light. Therefore they did not [usually] carefully construct compositions in the studio, but rather painted what they saw quickly from industrially-manufactured tubes of paint, which were now widely available to modern artists.
100
This was the year of the first exhibition put on by the Anonymous Corporation of Artist-Painters, Sculptors, Engravers, etc. some of whom we now call the Impressionists.
When is 1874
100
The artists of this movement do not share a unified style or approach to art, but they all used Impressionism as a springboard for their individual expressions of modernity in art.
What is Post-Impressionism.
100
This group of artists earned their name from the wild colors used in their paintings.
Who are The Fauves
200
Define "Merz or Merzbild"
What is a term for the works produced by Kurt Schwitters, as defined by the artist himself. "Merz" is a term Schwitters applied to the refuse he collected, and "bild" is German for "picture." These images constructed by Schwitters are made up of the detritus of modern society - the wasted ephemera of the industrial world.
200
Define Orientalism
What is the fascination with Middle Eastern cultures, dating in France to Napoleon's 1798 invasion of Egypt and looting of objects from the country to fill the Louvre Museum. Orientalism creates (or is a result of) a false sense of hierarchy between the West and East, as the East is seen as being more in tune with sensuality, sexuality, and the primitive id.
200
This exhibition was established in 1863 by Napoleon III when an overwhelming number of submissions flooded the Salon. He did so in an attempt to subdue a storm of protest.
What is the Salon des Refuses
200
This literary-based movement was born in Italy and proposed to shake itself free of its past by embracing an exhilarating, masculine, and dangerous world based on the thrill, speed, energy, and power of modern urban life.
What is Futurism
200
This group was named for a popular image of a blue knight, the St George on the city emblem of Moscow.
Who is Der Blaue Reiter ("The Blue Rider")
300
What are frottage and grattage?
What is a technique of rubbing a material (pencil or crayon) over a piece of paper placed on a textured surface. Grattage is created by scraping paint over a canvas laid over a textured surface. In both cases, the imagery seen by the artist is more clearly articulated through additional drawing or painting.
300
Define assemblage
What is artwork created by gathering and manipulating two- and/or three-dimensional objects, which are typically found [objects]/cast off modern materials (wood, metal, glass). Assemblage challenges the traditional norms of sculpture: method of construction or creation and media.
300
This exhibition was an alternative to the Salon, and in fact was first held in 1903 in opposition to the official Salon, which took place every spring.
What is the Salon d'Automne (the Autumn Salon)
300
This Russian -ism sought a universal language based in abstract geometry, which highlighted the two-dimensional canvas.
What is Suprematism.
300
This group of artists opposed Germany's "pale, overbred, and decadent" society.
Who is Die Brucke (The Bridge)
400
Define Synthetic Cubism
What is the second major phase of Cubism called so because of the way the artists created complex compositions by combining and transforming individual elements, as in a chemical synthesis. Two major proponents of Cubism were Picasso and Braque.
400
Define automatism
What is a technique whereby the usual intellectual control of the artist over his or her media is foregone. The artist's aim is to allow the subconscious to create the artwork without rational interference.
400
In 1913, Modernist art arrived in NY en masse with this enormous exhibition.
What is The Armory Show.
400
This Russian -ism sought to create three-dimensional works of art out of modern, urban materials (like metal and glass) that interacted both with the walls on which they hung and the viewer's space.
What is Constructivism
400
This movement responded to the absurdity and horror of war, mocked the senselessness of rational thought, and the foundations of modern society. This movement had distinct local manifestations.
What is Dada.
500
Define "Proun"
What is a work of art that is often an installation in a specific site (creating a total environment), which can include paintings, prints, and constructions. Proun was thought to be an acronym for the Russian project for the affirmation of the new.
500
Explain the influence of ukiyo-e/Japonisme.
Ukiyo-e are prints of the "floating world" - the realm of geishas and popular entertainment in Japan, which began to appear for sale in specialty shops, art galleries, and department stores in Paris in the mid-20th century. This soon became an obsession with Japan; artists were influenced by the two-dimensional "flatness" of the work, cropping, shallow sense of space and perspective, and un-modulated fields of color. However, artists were also interested in the exotic "other" of the Japanese culture.
500
This gallery held frequent exhibitions of photography, painting, and drawing, in an attempt to create equality amongst all artistic media. Many early American Modernist artists started showing at this location.
What is Gallery 291.
500
This French-based movement revolted against logic and reason, and embraced the irrational, disorderly, aberrant, and event violent social interventions. This movement was born of the writings of Breton, and the Psychoanalysis of Freud.
What is Surrealism
500
This artist believed he/she created the first purely abstract work of art.
Who is Kandinsky.
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