Struggle for Acadia
The Great Deportation
The British Conquest of North America
Britain's Victory: Change and Challenges
How did Britain Establish Control? Britain's solutions to primary challenges
100
How do you think Acadians would choose sides between the French and the British? What opinions did they have?
*The British provided services that the French didn’t. the French had the same heritage. *The Acadians would choose the side that had the same perspectives as themselves.
100
Where are the Acadians from New France today? What part of Canada or the United States?
Many are now in New Brunswick (most of them). But they are spreading across Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island.
100
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham is better known by the English speaking Canadians than the Battle of Sainte-Foy. Francophone Canadians know both battle well. Why do you think English speaking Canadians know one so well and Francophone Canadians know both so well?
The English know one so well because they won the Battle of the Plains of Abraham while the French know both so well because they won the Battle of Sainte-Foy and they know the Battle of the Plains of Abraham because they almost won because they pushed Britain back and almost regained control of Quebec.
100
What were two main challenges for peace that faced the British? Think of the First Nations and Canadiens.
The First Nations resistance, because the First Nations had the mind set that the Britain defeated the French, but not the First Nations. When the British started interfering with the First Nations, the First Nations allied and fought the British until Britain was forced to make an agreement. Also the Canadiens rebellion too, because they wanted their rights, positions, etc.
100
How did the Royal Proclamation attempt to make peace with the First Nations peoples?
They made peace with the First Nations by making a "proclamation line" between the Thirteen Colonies and "Indian Territory" This meant no settlements could happen in what was known as "Indian Territory" until the First Nations came to an agreement with Britain.
200
What was one example of how competition had a negative effect on the coexistence of people in Canada during the Struggle for Acadia?
*The coexistence of the French and the British was a negative effect because the competition was so strong. France built a huge fort, Louisburg, in 1720. Twenty-five years later, the British captured Louisburg. Three years later, the French regained it. Ten years later, the British recaptured it. The negative effect is that it would take a very long time to build a colony. * The coexistence was negative because the French was allied with the First Nations and the British were enemies. So when the British took control of Acadia, the First Nations had to either ally with the British or to go to war against the British to take the control of Acadia away from the British.
200
Briefly describe what the Great Deportation was.
In 1713, Britain took control of Acadia, and told the Acadians to leave the land. The Acadians refused. The British required all Acadians to make an "Oath of Neutrality" if a war started between the French and the British. By 1755, a war was very likely and the British required a new oath from the Acadians. An "Oath of Allegiance" to Britain. the Acadians refused so the British began to deport the Acadians to France and New England. Some Acadians took refuge with the Mi'kmaq and most fled. The British captured and deported two thousand Acadians.
200
What were the key points of he Treaty of Paris?
• France gave up almost all of their colonies North America. • The Treaty of Paris ensured that Britain could not fight any French allies. • The people who practiced Catholic fate would continue to do so.
200
Briefly describe the Treaty of Paris. What did Britain get? What did France get?
The Treaty of Paris ended the Seven Years’ war. Under the treaty, France gave up just about all its claims to North America. The French made the British agree to not retaliate against French allies. The French also got the right to practice their Catholic religion. The British gained control.
200
What affect do you think the policy of assimilation would have on the perspective of the Canadiens? Would it be positive or negative? Why?
Negative because the British are just looking out for themselves and are being too forceful.
300
1. What was the Treaty of Utrecht? 2. How did competition influence the positioning of military forts at Louisburg and Halifax?
1.*The close of the War of the Spanish Succession. It ceded different parts of Canada to the British and the French. *An agreement negotiated between France and Britain after the War of the Spanish Succession. 2. *They were both near waterways for easy trade.
300
Why would it be important for the people to stay neutral in a conflict between Britain and France?
It was important to stay neutral in the war because they would not be involved in the conflict. No one could do anything to them such as capture them and hurt them because they took no one's side. If the Acadians took the British side, they would be abandoning their heritage and ancestors because they have French background. But it would not be wise to take the French side because Britain is in control of their land.
300
What were several key events involved in the Seven Years’ War?
• 1754- France and Britain fought for Ohio Valley. • 1756- The Seven Years’ War expanded from North America to all over the world like the Caribbean. • 1760- Britain took control of Quebec. They also seized the French colony Guadeloupe that is located in the Caribbean. • 1763- The war ended when Britain and France signed the Treaty of Paris. This meant that France got to keep Guadeloupe and a colony in North America.
300
1. What was one key term that Pierre de Rigaud de Vaudreuil de Cavagnial negotiated into the Treaty of Paris in 1760 after the Battle of Sainte-Foy? 2. What opportunities existed for the thirteen colonies to expand west after the defeat of the French? How did this affect the First Nations perspective on the British?
1. He took steps to protect the Canadiens and the First Nations such as allowing them to practise their Catholic faith. 2. Since there was no French to fight against them, the thirteen colonies could gain control of more land. Wiskey traders pushed into Haudenosaunee land. The British didn’t need the First Nations anymore since there was no French, so the First Nations realized that in order for the British to not take over their land, they had to fight the British.
300
Briefly describe the goals of The Royal Proclamation of 1763. Essentially what challenges did the Royal Proclamation aim to resolve.
The Royal Proclamation was place to make peace with First Nations and to assimilate the Canadiens to believe in British beliefs. They made peace with the First Nations by making a "proclamation line" between the Thirteen Colonies and "Indian Territory" This meant no settlements could happen in what was known as "Indian Territory" until the First Nations came to an agreement with Britain. They assimilated the Canadiens by making them follow under the British government. Britain would not allow Canadiens to hold a government position because they were Catholic. It also removed the French Civil Law.
400
How was Acadia important for the: British? French? Mi’kmaq?
British: *represented a base for attacking the French. *protecting the British colonies and trade routes. French? *represented a base for attacking the British. *protecting French colonies and trade routes. Mi’kmaq? *Acadia formed part of their homeland.
400
The first oath Britain made the Acadians take an "Oath of Neutrality". When war was likely, the British wanted Acadians to take an "Oath of Allegiance". What was the difference between the two oaths and what was significant about them?
The oath of neutrality is when you promise you will not participate in a war between nations. The oath of allegiance is the opposite of neautrality. It is a promise that you will take the side of one nation. Britain had only one option other then killing the Acadians. If the Acadians didn't take the oath of allegiance, Britain would have to deport them to the Thirteen Colonies, to England, and to France.
400
How many perspectives on Canadian history claim that the Battle of the Plains of Abraham was a decisive battle that gave Britain control of North America. How was this true? How was this not true?
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham was decisive because when French attacked the British fought back and won. This was not true because both the French and the British leaders died.
400
Describe who Pontiac and Mineweh were. How were they significant to the relationship between the First Nations and the British after British conquest? What were some of their military accomplishments?
Pontiac was a leader of the Odawah nation that got the First Nations together to fight the British. Allied with Pontiac, Mineweh was an Anishinabe leader. To fight the British, Pontiac organized an alliance of the First Nations. Mineweh was one of their allies. The alliance Pontiac formed helped the First Nations to stand up for themselves so that their relationship with Britain wouldn’t be being pushed around all the time. Their military accomplishments made Britain acknowledge that even though they defeated France it didn’t mean that it gave Britain the right to have the First Nations land.
400
When the 13 colonies rebelled against Britain they worried that Quebec would rebel to. Britain's solution was the Quebec Act. What were the significant aspects of the Quebec Act you it relates to Canadien's.
It allowed Canadiens to practise being Catholic and allowed them to hold government positions once they had taken an oath of loyalty to Britian. Reinstated the french civil law. Extended the boundaries of Quebec into "Indian Territory"
500
How did each group coexist in Canada at this time? Briefly describe the relationship between the French and First Nations; the British and First Nations: the British and the French.
The French and First Nations: *Became allies. *Mi’kmaq did not consider themselves conquered by the French. *France never asked the Mi’kmaq to surrender or fought them. The British and First Nations: *The British pushed the First Nations around and off their homeland. *The Mi’kmaq fought the British for Acadia. The British and the French: *The British won the War of the Spanish Succession against France. *After the War of the Spanish Succession, the British and the French signed a peace treaty. *Both Built a huge military base (fort) to oppose each other.
500
What were the three most important factors in Britain's decision to deport Acadians? Why are those the three most important factors?
* The Acadians lived well under British control for more then 40 years. But the Acadians were more like the French such as they spoke French and were Catholic. This is important because it is more likely for the Acadians to pick the side they are more alike to. *The amount of Acadian settlers out numbered the British settlers by a vast majority. There were 12 000 Acadian settlers and 6 000 British settlers. There was double the amount of Acadian settlers which was very important. It was important because numbers are good to have. *The Acadians would never fight against France, their own blood. But the Acadians promised to stay neutral. It is important because the British were still worried and had the right to be. If the Acadians did go to war, they would pick the French side.
500
1. Briefly describe the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. Be sure to include key people and events on each side as well as who won. 2. What would have happened if the French supply ships had showed up first.
1. • Britain captured Quebec and New France’s military stronghold. • The French attacked the British in Montreal. The British retreated into Quebec and began to run out of supplies quickly. • The British monarchy sent ships with supplies and extra troops before the French. • General James Wolfe died. (British) • Marquis de Montcalm died. (French) 2. The French would have easily defeated the British.
500
What challenges faced the colony of New France after France chose to keep Guadaloupe instead of New France? What challenges faced them as a society under British rule with British officials in charge?
The colony was cut off from France, so if the colony was to survive, they were going to have to survive on their own. Jobs and positions that the French people once had were replaced by the British people. The colonies lives were totally changed in many different ways.
500
The Royal Proclamation of 1763 aimed to assimilate Canadiens by several strategies. What does assimilation mean and how did the Royal Proclamation intend to assimilate Canadiens.
Assimilation is the process of becoming part of a different cultural group (not your own). They assimilated the Canadiens by making them follow under the British government. Britain would not allow Canadiens to hold a government position because they were Catholic. It also removed the French Civil Law.
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