The process that occurs when physical forces break rock into smaller pieces without changing the rock's chemical composition is called _______.
What is mechanical weathering
100
The weathered bits of rock make up this part of a soil?
What is regolith
100
The process responsible for moving material downslope under the influence of gravity is called ________.
What is mass movement
100
Compared to the past, the rate of erosion now are _________.
What is faster
100
______________ refers to the washing out of fine soil components from the A horizon by downward percolating water.
What is eluviation
200
Whenever the characteristics and chemical composition of weathered materials have been altered, they have undergone ________.
What is chemical weathering
200
Three of the most important factors that influence a soil's formation are
What is climate, parent material, extent of mechanical weathering (surface area)
200
The controlling force behind mass movements is ________.
What is gravity
200
Which horizon is the lower boundary for plant roots and burrowing animals?
What is B Horizon
200
____________ relates to the fact that rocks exposed at Earth's surface usually do not weather at the same rate.
What is differential weathering
300
The gradual rounding of the corners of edges of angular blocks of rock is called ________.
What is spheroidal weathering
300
The main source of organic matter in soil comes from ________.
What are plants and animals
300
The downward slipping of a mass of rock or unconsolidated material moving as a unit along a curved surface is called __________?
What is slump
300
A regolith sample that has a fairly even mixture of the three particle sizes is called a _______.
What is loam
300
The freezing and thawing of water in a crack of a rock is called ________.
What is frost wedging
400
When water freezes, what happens to it's volume?
What is increases (by 9%- 10%)
400
What are the three particles used to classify soil texture?
What are sand, silt, and clay
400
The stable slope for a given material is called it's
What is angle of repose
400
The process called _________ occurs when large masses of igneous rock, particularly granite, begin to break loose like layers of an onion.
What is exfoliation
400
Describe two ways that water can contribute to a mass movement event
Water adds weight and breaks the cohesion of particles when too much is present.
500
Describe two ways that water can become naturally mildly acidic.
Percolation through soil containing decaying organisms, and Carbon Dioxide (C02) dissolves in rainwater.
500
List in as much detail as possible, the layers in a typical soil profile from the surface - down.
O, A, E, B, C, Parent material (Bedrock)
500
The three factors used to define a mass movement event are ________.
1) What is moved(type of material), how it is moved, how fast it moves
500
Describe the two ways that secondary enrichment can concentrate valuable minerals and metals
Washing away the undesirable materials or picking up desirable materials and concentrating them somewhere else.
500
List the following mass movement types in order from slowest to fastest:
(Debris / Mudflow)
(Creep)
(Rockslide / Avalanche)
(Slump / Earthflow)
Landslide