Equine Derm
A horse presents with a wound on the palmar aspect of his hock. Owner says it has been present for 3 weeks, and has not seemed to change much in that time. An x-ray is taken and a sequestrum is visualized. What is occurring and how do you treat?
foreign body, treat with removal
FYI: sequestrum is dead bone, and nonhealing wound is indicative
A Friesian presents for intense pruritus of distal limbs. He has been biting at and stamping his legs. What is the most likely diagnosis?
chorioptes equi (mites)
This type of lice feeds on epithelium and cutaneous debris.
BONUS: What type of lice is susceptible to injectable treatment options?
biting/chewing lice -> Bovicola
BONUS: sucking lice, biting/chewing lice do not ingest enough blood
What test should be done first?
schirmer tear test
other tests may alter STT results
What type of muscle are the dilator and constrictor muscles composed of in mammals?
smooth muscle
(striated muscle in avians & reptiles)
A horse presents for tail rubbing. A microscopic exam reveals a football shaped egg. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Oxyuris equi nematode
A shire horse presents with severe pruritus. A lot of Culicoides midges have been seen in the area recently. What is the best treatment option?
topical fly repellant, systemic/topical CCS, stable during dusk and dawn, high velocity fans, all-in-one suits/blankets (zebra print)
A cow presents with alopecia and redness on brisket, ventral neck, medial forearm, and around the tailhead. What mites are likely affecting this cow?
sarcoptes or demodex
Which of the following assess vision?
a. PLR
b. dazzle reflex
c. menace response
d. palpebral reflex
C. menace response
How is the pupil affected by anterior uveitis?
miosis (constricted)
This is the most common cutaneous tumor in horses.
BONUS: what causes this?
sarcoids
BONUS: bovine papilloma virus
A horse presents with hair loss and photophobia. He has been scratching his ears, eyelids, and muzzle. His skin in these areas is red and swollen. What is the most likely diagnosis?
UV photosensitivity due to hepatogenic dysfunctin (more common)
- can also be due to ingestion/topical exposure to phototoxic agent (toxic plant/chemical)
This is a reportable parasite that feeds on healthy tissue. It was eradicated in the USA until 2016, where it was found on Key deer. How do you treat?
treat with doramectin SC, topical rubs for wildlife
A dog presents non-visual with normal PLRs. What is the problem here? (2)
something obscuring vision
cortical disease
What are 3 potential causes of exophthalmos?
1. retrobulbar mass
2. orbital cellulitis
3. trauma
A 4 month old horse presents with a discharge coming from the base of the ear that the owner says has been happening intermittently for the last few weeks. What is the most likely diagnosis?
dentigerous cyst
A young foal presents with hair loss around where the tack has been applied. However, the owner has noticed no itching. The owner has also started to notice similar clinical signs in the horses in the same pasture. What is the most likely diagnosis?
BONUS: treatment?
dermatophytosis
BONUS: self-limiting or antifungal (eniconazole)
Enzootic hematuria is a unique presentation of what two abnormalities?
papillomavirus & bracken fern ingestion
What nerve is blocked to anesthetize motor innervation?
BONUS: sensory?
CN VII
BONUS: CN V
What are 2 treatment options for proptosis?
lateral canthotomy
temporary tarsorrhaphy (with stents)
A 16 year old grey horse presents with an abnormal mass along the conjunctiva of her right eye. What is the most likely diagnosis?
BONUS: treatment options?
melanoma
BONUS: surgical excision (easier if small), cisplatin has >80% success
A horse presents with its right hindlimb severely swollen. It is very hot to the touch, and the horse seems lethargic. A lameness exam is performed and found to be 4/5. What is the immediate treatment that should be provided?
immediate antibiotic and NSAID treatment
this is cellulitis!
A litter of juvenile sheep presents with vesicles, pustules, and scabs around the lips and on the face. The mother has lesions on the udders. What is the most likely diagnosis?
BONUS: Where does it replicate?
orf
BONUS: virus replicates in scabs, scabs shed and infect environment, surviving >15 years in scabs
What test is used to assess mucin deficiency? (2)
rose bengal or lissamine green
This is a congenital lesion that results in the eye popping out when pressure is placed on the jugular vein.
orbital varix