Immunity
Phagocytes, macrophages, and leukocytes can all be considered under this umbrella term.
What is White blood cells
______ is the body’s nonspecific response to tissue injury, resulting in redness, swelling, warmth, pain, and sometimes a loss of function.
What is Inflammation
Reference: Robert J. Hubert, Page 65
What are the 4 muscles of the roator cuff and their functions.
- Supraspinatus = First 20 degrees of abduction + stabalization of the GH joint once the deltoid takes over during abduction
- Infraspinatus = External roation + stability of the GH joint
- Teres minor = External rotation + stability of the GH joint
- Subscapularis = Internal rotation + stability of the GH joint
these bones make up the upper extremity
( excluding the hand bones)
Scapula, humerus, clavicle, ulna, Radius.
These are the 3 types of fibrous joints
1- Suture
2- Gomphisis
3- Symphasis
False
General Non-specific defence mechanisms (ex, Skin, tears, mucus, cilia, stomach acid) are considered as?
What is the body's first line of defence against pathogens
Reference: Stevens slides + Robert J. Hubert, page 65
Inflamaroty, prolifieration, and remodling/ maturation are the phases of _____?
what is wound healing.
The suprascapular nerve innervates which nerves
What is Supraspinatus, and Infraspinatus
Name the 5 components of a synovial joint
Bone, synovial membrane, fibrous capsule, synovial fluid, hyaline cartilage,
Coming off the brachial plexus, the musculocutaneous nerve innervates the brachialis, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve
True.
The nonspecific process of defence that includes the phagocytes (white blood cells) and inflammation is known as?
What is the second line of defence in the human body
Reference: Robert J. Hubert, page 65
As a therapist how would you treat acute Inflammation?
ANSWER = Peace & Love, or RICE.
Protect, Elevate, Avoid anti-inflammatories, Compression, Education.
Load, Optimize, Vascularize, Exercise
Reference: Stevens slides (slide 20) - peace and love
Reference: Robert J. Hubert, Page 75 - RICE
What muscle is this -
O: Coracoid process of the scapula
I: Middle third of medial aspect of humerus.
N: Musculocutaneous nerve ( C5, C6, C7)
A: Adductor and weak flexor of the arm at the GH joint
what is the Coracobrachialis
This type of bony landmark is a large, roughened projection that commonly serves as an attachment site for muscles or ligaments.
What is a Tuberosity
Bursa's are - synovial fluid filled sacs, act as cushion, can become swollen and thicken.
True
A specific immune response.
(ex, lymph nodes, immune cells, tissues that involve immune cell production (thymus) and chemical mediators (histamines))
are known as
What is the third line of defence in the human body?
Reference: Robert J. Hubert, page 115
Causes of Inflamation can include?
(List 3 or more reasons to get the points)
Direct physical injury,
cuts,
sprains,
caustic chemicals such as acids or alkali,
ischemia or infarction,
allergic reactions,
extremes of heat or cold,
foreign bodies such as splinters or glass,
infection.
Reference: Robert J. Hubert, Page 67
what is this muscle -
O: Junction of the first rib and its costal cartilage
I: Inferior surface of the middle 1/3 of the clavicle
A: anchors & depresses the clavicle, stabilizes SC joint during shoulder girdle movements, protects underlying vessels and brachial plexus in case of clavicle fracture
what is the subclavian
Name this landmark
capitulum
The 6 ligaments of the GH joint are
1- Superior glenohumeral ligament
2- Middle glenohumeral ligament
3- Inferior glenohumeral ligament
4- Coracohumeral ligament
5- Transverse humeral ligament
6- Coracoacromial ligament
True
Reference: palastanga page 115-118
What is the difference between primary would healing vs secondary would healing
Primary wound healing = edges of the wounds are close, less Granular tissue, minimal tissue loss, quicker healing, and less scar tissue (ex, Surgical ACL incision that's sutured → primary intention)
Secondary wound healing = edges of wounds are further apart, greater tissue loss, greater preseance of granular tissue and collegen, more scarring, slower healing. (ex, Large open traumatic wound with tissue missing → secondary intention)
What are the steps of inflammation?
1- Injury
2- Cells release chemical mediators (signals that coordinate and drive the inflammatory response)
3- Vasodilation or increased blood flow (Increased presence of WBCs in the area)
4- Increased capillary permeability
5- Leukocytes move to the site of injury (act as defence/cleanup cells for the damaged tissue)
6- Phagocytosis - removal of debris in preparation for healing.
Reference: Robert J. Hubert, Page 68-70
What muscle is this -
O: Superior two-thirds of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus.
I: Lateral aspect of the distal part of the radius
N: Radial nerve (C5-C6).
A: Flexes the forearm at the elbow joint
What is the brachioradialis
Name this landmark
Coronoid fossa
All spinal reflex arcs require an interneuron between the sensory and motor neuron.
False -
A monosynaptic reflex has the sensory neuron synapse directly with the motor neuron, so an interneuron is not required. (ex, The patellar tendon reflex (knee-jerk reflex).