Inflammation
Acute inflammation is characterized by the predominance of this type of leukocyte.
What are neutrophils?
In heavy chain organization, in what order do V, D, and J rearrange?
What is DJ, then VDJ?
What metabolic event is the most likely cause of cellular and organelle swelling?
What is a decrease in ATP?
Macrophages secrete this interleukin which causes T cell differentiation to Th1
What is IL-12?
What 2 cell types are characteristic of granulomas?
What are multinucleate giant cells and epithelial histiocytes?
This cardinal sign of inflammation is due to activation of histamine, serotonin, and leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4.
What is swelling?
This kind of diversity is caused by association of different Vs and Js and Vs to Ds to Js.
What is combinatorial diversity?
Swelling, blabbing, blunting, and loss of microvilli are all characteristics of this type of cell injury.
What is reversible cell injury?
This interleukin stimulates production of IgA
What is IL-5?
What type of necrosis is gangrene?
Bonus: sometimes it can be in combination with this second type of necrosis
What is coagulative necrosis?
Bonus: What is liquefactive necrosis?
What are the two major opsonins in acute inflammation?
What are IgG and C3b?
In light chain rearrangement, which chain is "tried on" first?
What is the kappa chain?
This type of necrosis can be seen in the brain, pancreas, or lung (during bacterial infections)
What is liquefactive necrosis?
Release of this interleukin causes production of what IgE?
What is IL-4?
NK cells target cells with decreased expression of?
While cytotoxic T cells target cells with?
What is MCH class 1?
What are foreign peptide antigens on MCH class 1?
NSAIDS can cause decreased platelet aggregation and vascular permeability through inhibition of this enzyme.
Bonus: What is the enzyme's substrate?
What is cyclooxygenase?
Bonus: What is arachidonic acid?
What complex randomly binds to RSSs to flank V, (D), and J?
What is the RAG1/2 complex?
This type of necrosis is characterized by the inhibition of proteolytic enzymes which preserves the cell's architecture.
What is coagulative necrosis?
What two cytokines cause increased expression of E and P selections on endothelial cells?
What is IL-1 and TNF?
NK cells release these two proteins to trigger apoptosis in abnormal cells
What are perforins and granzymes?
Release of what mediators causes hyperemia and erythrocyte stasis leading to heat and redness. (5)
What are histamine, NO, PGD2, PGI2, PGE2?
VDJ/VJ rearrangement occurs in this lymphoid organ and results in an immature B cell.
Bonus: What do immature B cells express on their surface?
What is the bone marrow?
Bonus: What is IgM?
The intrinsic pathway of apoptosis is caused by the antagonism of BCL2 which causes a leak of this protein.
Bonus: Both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway leads to activation of?
What is cytochrome C?
Bonus: What is caspases?
Suppression of these two cytokines can cause reactivation of latent TB.
What are TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma?
Binding of this ligand on the NK cell surface to abnormal cells will trigger apoptosis cascade.
What is FasL?