Infective Endocarditis
Embryology of the CV System
Congenital Heart Diseases
100
Name 5 clinical findings in a patient with infective endocarditis
Fever
Achiness
Weight loss
Conjunctival hemorrhage
Splinter hemorrhages
Janeway lesions
Osler nodes
Roth spot
Mycotic aneurysm
Brain abscesses
Spinal osteomyelitis/discitis
100
What are the three shunts during fetal circulation?
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus
Ductus venosus
100
A healthy newborn baby has a continuous, machine-like murmur. This murmur is most likely caused by blood flow into which of the following structures?
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
pulmonary artery
200
Name two indications for surgery in infective endocarditis
Persistently positive blood cultures
Refractory CHF
Evidence of heart block (abscess)
Recurrent embolic phenomena
Fungal and certain drug resistant organisms
200
Which changes occur in SVR and PVR in a baby after he/she is delivered compared to in utero?
D
200
A 2-day old baby is evaluated in the newborn nursery for agitation. The nurse reports the baby suddenly began crying and writhing in the crib. Respirations and rapid and labored. There is a blue discoloration of the lips and nail beds. On cardiac exam, there is a systolic ejection murmur at the left sternal border an a single S2. Echocardiography findings demonstrate right ventricular outflow obstruction and a ventricular septal defect. What is the ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow in this baby? (e.g. Qp/Qs)
0.5 : 1
300
A 76-year old man develops fevers, chills, and night sweats. Echocardiography shows vegetation on the mitral valve. Blood cultures grow gram-positive cocci that are catalase-positive and coagulase-negative. Which of the following is most likely present in this man's history?
Recent dental work
Urinary catheterization
Exposure to farm animals
Prior cardiac surgery
Exposure to cats
prior cardiac surgery
300
Neural crest cells are involved in the formation of which parts of the heart (3)?
Aorticopulmonary septum
Membranous part of the interventricular septum
Semilunar valves
300
A 24-year old man presents for routine evaluation. He is physically active and has no complaints. BP is 178/92 mmHg. He is noted to have delayed femoral pulses compared with radial pulse. Physical exam is otherwise normal. He is referred for an echocardiogram which reveals aortic coarctation. Which of the following is true of blood flow in this man's upper extremities compared with lower extremities?
Upper extremity > lower extremity
Upper extremity < lower extremity
Upper extremity = lower extremity
blood flow cannot be determined
Upper extremity > lower extremity
Upper extremity < lower extremity
Upper extremity = lower extremity
blood flow cannot be determined