Treatment
Pathology
Aetiology
Clinical
Lucky Dip
100
What is the usual thromboprophylactic agent used in patients with mechanical valve replacements?
Warfarin
100
Of the common valve pathologies, which is most likely to result in pulmonary hypertension?
Mitral valve stenosis
100
What is the most common cause of aortic stenosis?
Inherited valve defect
100
On auscultation of a patient with Marfan's syndrome you hear a mid-systolic click. What valve defect ought you to suspect?
Mitral Valve Prolapse
100
Welsh songstress Bonnie Tyler had a huge hit in 1983 with a heartrending ballad about a total eclipse of what bodily organ?
The Heart.
200
The earliest-available such device, this class of replacement heart valve is sometimes called a Starr-Edwards valve.
Caged-ball valve
200
What is the key histological finding associated with mitral valve prolapse?
Myxomatous degeneration
200
Responsible for 10-20% of cases overall, what organism is the most common cause of infective endocarditis in intravenous drug users?
Staphylococcus aureus
200
Osler's nodes, Janeway lesions, and Roth spots are all signs of what?
Infective endocarditis
200
Making his film debut as Hercules 1970's "Hercules In New York", what congenital defect of the aortic valve did this former Californian politician have surgically-corrected in 1997?
Bicuspid aortic valve
300
What is the INR target for patients with mechanical heart valves?
3.0 (2.5 - 3.5)
300
Fever is initiated by the pyrogen-induced release of what lipid compound to the hypothalamus?
Prostaglandin E2
300
What would be the effect on left ventricular blood pressure during diastole of haemodynamically-significant aortic annular dilatation?
It would increase due to the resultant aortic regurgitation.
300
A patient presents with an ejection systolic murmur that radiates to the carotids. At which anatomical location would this murmur be best heard?
At the left sternal margin in the 2nd intercostal space.
300
According to the 1942 popular song by Perry Como and Ted Weems' orchestra, where exactly in Texas are stars at night big and bright?
Deep in the heart of it.
400
Systemic antihypertensive therapy is most likely to be indicated for which valve pathology?
Aortic regurgitation
400
T-cells, plasma cells and plump activated macrophages called Anitschkow cells conglomerate in patients with Rheumatic Fever and form what histological finding?
Aschoff bodies
400
Rheumatic fever and subsequent heart disease is ultimately a response to initial infection with which specific organism?
Streptococcus pyogenes
400
Which of the valve pathologies would most likely result in an enlarged P-wave on ECG?
Mitral valve stenosis
400
Born in Broken Hill in 1928, this Australian artist rose to fame as the 'father' of the Australian Outback painting movement before dying of motor neurone disease in 2006.
Pro Hart
500
Blood culture comes back negative on all three plates from a suspected infective endocarditis. Name five possible organism families which might reasonably be assumed to be the infective culprit.
Haemophilus Actinobacillus Cardiobacterium Eikenella Kingella
500
What nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis would mostly produce vegetations on both sides of the valve leaflets?
Libman-Sacks endocarditis
500
Myocardial infarcation can cause acute mitral regurgitation due to ischaemia or infarction of the mitral valve papillary muscles. Why is the posteromedial papillary muscle involved more frequently than the anterolateral?
The posteromedial papillary muscle has singular blood supply.
500
Which heart sound is likely soft or absent in a patient with mitral regurgitation?
S1
500
In 2010, catastrophic valve failure on the Deepwater Horizon caused 11 deaths and 4.9 million barrels of crude oil to be spilled into what large body of water?
The Gulf of Mexico
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