Immunity
This term describes a person’s observable traits resulting from genetic and environmental interaction.
What is phenotype?
The four classic signs of inflammation include redness, heat, swelling, and this.
What is pain?
This set of precautions is used to protect immunocompromised patients (such as those with neutropenia) and includes private rooms, strict hand hygiene, and avoidance of fresh flowers and raw foods.
What are neutropenic precautions?
This condition occurs when the heart cannot pump effectively to meet the body's needs.
What is heart failure?
This device delivers a precise concentration of oxygen.
What is a Venturi mask?
The primary function of B lymphocytes is to produce these.
What are antibodies?
This lab value often increases during bacterial infections.
What is white blood cell count?
A patient undergoing chemotherapy has a neutrophil count of 800/µL; this is the nurse’s priority intervention.
What is initiate neutropenic precautions?
This diagnostic test records the electrical activity of the heart.
What is an ECG (electrocardiogram)?
This abnormal breath sound is high-pitched and heard during inspiration.
What is stridor?
This hypersensitivity reaction is immediate and mediated by IgE antibodies.
What is Type I hypersensitivity?
This phase of the inflammatory response is characterized by vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and migration of leukocytes to the affected tissue.
What is the vascular and cellular (acute) phase of inflammation?
A patient with a central venous access device for chemotherapy reports swelling of the face and neck with dyspnea; this oncologic emergency requires this priority intervention.
What is elevate the head of the bed and notify the provider for suspected superior vena cava syndrome?
This condition is characterized by chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the myocardium.
What is angina?
A mechanically ventilated patient becomes suddenly agitated with decreasing oxygen saturation and high-pressure alarms; this is the nurse’s priority first action.
What is assess for airway obstruction (e.g., secretions, biting the tube) and ensure patency by suctioning if needed?
This autoimmune disease is characterized by demyelination in the central nervous system.
What is multiple sclerosis?
In a patient with suspected sepsis, this biomarker is often trended because rising levels suggest a systemic bacterial infection and help guide antibiotic therapy.
What is procalcitonin?
When a patient with a strong family history of breast cancer expresses fear about genetic testing results, this is the nurse’s priority initial action.
What is assess the patient’s understanding and provide emotional support before teaching?
This symptom is commonly associated with left-sided heart failure.
What is pulmonary edema (or shortness of breath)?
This evidence-based intervention bundle is used to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia and includes head-of-bed elevation, daily sedation interruption, and oral care with chlorhexidine.
What is the ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) prevention bundle?
This type of immunity develops after exposure to a pathogen or vaccination.
What is active immunity?
In a patient with suspected sepsis, this elevated laboratory value indicates tissue hypoperfusion and is used to guide the urgency of fluid resuscitation and overall management.
What is an elevated lactic acid level (lactate)?
A patient receiving chemotherapy presents with a temperature of 101.8°F (38.8°C) and an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 400/µL; this is the nurse’s priority action.
What is initiate empiric broad-spectrum IV antibiotics immediately after obtaining cultures?
This medication class is commonly used to reduce blood pressure and workload on the heart.
What are ACE inhibitors?
In a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who remains hypoxemic despite high oxygen levels, this ventilator strategy is prioritized to improve oxygenation while preventing lung injury.
What is low tidal volume ventilation with the use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)?