Urinary Elim
What symptoms commonly indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency, and sometimes cloudy urine.
Which blood test is commonly used to evaluate kidney filtration?
Bonus: what are their appropriate levels
Serum creatinine, interpreted alongside eGFR.
Creatinine: Male: 0.6-1.2 female: 0.5-1.1
eGFR: 90-120
What is the priority safety action during a generalized tonic-clonic seizure?
Protect the patient from injury, cushion the head, and clear nearby hazards. Do not restrain the patient or put anything in the mouth.
What is the first priority when a patient discloses intimate-partner violence?
Assess immediate safety and urgent injuries, respond nonjudgmentally, and speak with the patient privately.
Name one feature of autism spectrum disorder that may affect social interaction.
Differences in social communication or interaction, such as difficulty with reciprocal conversation or interpreting nonverbal cues.
What type of incontinence causes leakage when coughing or sneezing?
Stress
What commonly causes prerenal acute kidney injury?
Reduced renal perfusion, such as from dehydration, hemorrhage, or shock.
After a head injury, worsening confusion and repeated vomiting suggest what?
Possible worsening intracranial injury or increased intracranial pressure; urgently escalate care.
MED MATH!
A primary healthcare provider prescribes a pediatric client weighing 22 lbs an oral liquid medication at 5kg/ml/day divided into two equal doses every 12 hours. The medication concentration is 25kg/ml. How many ml should be administered per dose?
5 ml
What communication approach can help a patient with an intellectual disability?
Use clear, concrete language, one instruction at a time, and allow extra time to respond.
What is a priority assessment for suspected urinary retention?
Assess bladder distention and use a bladder scan to measure postvoid residual volume.
A client with Glomerulonephritis presents with dark, tea-colored urine and facial edema. Which physiological mechanism best explains the tea-colored urine?
Passage of red blood cells into damaged glomerular capillaries
What hormone is deficient or ineffective in diabetes insipidus?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is deficient in central DI or the kidneys are resistant to it in nephrogenic DI.
Why should suspected abuse be discussed with a patient privately?
Privacy may improve safety and disclosure while preventing intimidation or retaliation by a suspected abuser.
Name one strategy that can help a child with ADHD complete tasks.
Break work into short steps, reduce distractions, and provide predictable routines and brief breaks.
What symptoms suggest pyelonephritis rather than a lower UTI?
Fever, chills, flank pain, and costovertebral-angle tenderness.
A patient has severe flank pain radiating to the groin, along with limited urine output with signs of an obstruction and hematuria. What should be suspected
Possible kidney stone
A nurse is conducting a neurological assessment on a client following a motor vehicle accident. The nurse notes that the client's eyes open to sound, they speak in inappropriate words, and flex abnormally (decorticate posture) in response to pain. What is the client's Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score?
9
An older adult may be experiencing abuse, but the caregiver answers every question. What should the nurse do?
Arrange a private, safe interview; assess objectively, document findings, and follow applicable reporting laws and facility policy.
A client taking prolonged high-dose amphetamine/dextroamphetamine for ADHD is being monitored by the nurse. Which cardiovascular parameter should the nurse check routinely
Heart rate and BP
(stimulants increase sympathetic tone)
A patient with BPH cannot urinate and has suprapubic pain. What complication is likely?
Acute urinary retention, which may require prompt bladder decompression as prescribed.
A patient with CKD has peaked T waves on ECG. Which electrolyte imbalance is the priority concern?
Hyperkalemia, because it can cause life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias.
After head trauma, a patient develops unequal pupils and declining consciousness. What is the priority response?
Activate emergency response and urgently notify the appropriate clinician; support airway and breathing and prepare for emergent evaluation.
A client is ordered 1,200ml of Lactated Ringer's solution to be administered IV over 10 hours The tubing set has a drop factor of 20gtts/mL. What is the flow rate in gtt/min? (Round to the nearest whole number)
40
A patient with dementia becomes agitated during personal care. What is an appropriate intervention?
Assess for pain or unmet needs, reduce stimulation, communicate calmly, and modify care to preserve dignity and safety.