Greece
The name for the autonomous Greek city-states where citizens lived and participated in politics.
What are 'Poleis'?
In 490 BCE, this Persian king launched an invasion of Greece in response to revolts in conquered Greek colonies, ending in defeat for Persia.
Who is Darius the Great?
What are the Tigris and the Euphrates?
These massive monuments housed the bodies of the Egyptian kings.
What are the pyramids?
Civilization grew out of these small nomadic groups of people.
What are hunter-gatherer groups?
These two city-states were known rivals and fought each other in the Peloponnesian War after decades of relative peace.
What are Athens and Sparta?
The Persians practiced this religion, based on the conflict between a benevolent deity named Ahura Mazda and an evil spirit known as Ahriman, which legitimized Persian rule and military expansion.
What is 'Zoroastrianism'?
Mesopotamians developed this earliest known system of writing for keeping records.
What is cuneiform?
Egyptian history is divided into these three periods.
What are the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms?
This technology provided the food surplus necessary to sustain the birth of civilization.
What is agriculture?
These soldiers formed the backbone of the Grecian military unit known as a 'Phalanx'
What are 'hoplites'?
This ancient empire based in modern-day Iran and named after its royal house conquered most of central Asia, Egypt, and parts of the Balkan Peninsula and surrounding islands.
What is the Achaemenid Empire?
The ancient Mesopotamians developed this code of law named after the Babylonian ruler who established it. Although it treated citizens differently based on their class, the code attempted to protect individuals from unfair loans and establish reimbursement for property damages.
What is Hammurabi's Code?
Egypt was known as "this", the Black Land, because of the rich black soil deposited by the flooding of the Nile river.
What is 'Kemet'?
This was the first known piece of writing, a heroic tale of a man looking for eternal life.
What is The Epic of Gilgamesh?
Homer's Illiad and Odyssey were written about this great warlike and seafaring empire, the precursor to the Greek city-states, which disappeared suddenly leading to the Greek Dark Ages.
What is the Mycenaean Empire?
The Persian Empire was organized into twenty of these, another word for provinces, each ruled by a governor and a military leader.
What are 'Satrapies'?
This major city-state was the center of trade in the ancient world and boasted a population of over 50,000 people.
What is Uruk?
The Egyptians believed that this organ was weighed to determine whether they were rewarded with eternal life or their soul was destroyed.
What is the heart?
What is the Fertile Crescent?
This tyrant gave the right to vote and hold office to all male citizens of Athens after years of political inequality and reform.
Who is Cleisthenes?
The Spartan king Leonidas defended the north of Greece against the invading Persian army, which gave the Athenians time to crush their navy in the south, although the Spartans were ultimately defeated by Persia's superior numbers.
What is the Battle of Thermopylae?
She was the earliest poet in recorded history and a high priestess of the goddess Innana and moon god Nanna.
Who is Enheduanna?
In the 14th century BCE, Amenhotep IV attempted a religious revolution, replacing the Egyptian pantheon with exclusive worship of an aspect of the sun god, Ra, known as this.
What is Aten?
Tools of this volcanic glass were found hundred of miles from Çatal Höyük, the settlement where they were produced, evidence that they engaged in long-distance trade with their neighbors.
What is obsidian?