California Gold Rush
This was the year gold was discovered in California
1848
This device helped revolutionized the textile industry at the start of the Industrial Revolution
This was the nickname given to gold prospectors who flocked to California after gold was discovered there – many of them arrived in 1849
“Forty-Niners”
The common-____________ movement, led by Horace Mann, worked to ensure that all children no matter how wealthy their families were could get an education.
This state began as part of Mexico, but rebelled and won independence- largely because they wanted to keep slavery after Mexico had banned it.
Texas
People who distrust, dislike, or fear foreigners and/or foreign immigrants were known as these
Nativists
The people coming to California came from _______________ resulting in _________________.
All over the world; one of the most diverse populations in the US
The primary reason many European immigrants came to the U.S. during the 1800s, either to work in factories, settle out west, or mine in the gold fields, was to improve their _____ prospects and opportunities
Economic (financial)
By creating durable, long-lasting clothing for gold miners, this person built a clothing empire that still thrives to this day, some 150 years later
Levi Strauss
The __________ Party was a political party that sought to ally with/bring together many of the reform movements
Whig
U.S. President James K. Polk sent a regiment of American troops into an area of Texas disputed by both the U.S. and Mexico near the _____________ river, with the intent of provoking Mexican forces to attack
Rio Grande
This widely used term describes the belief most Americans held throughout the nineteenth century that the United States was destined to expand American control and values across the North American continent
Manifest Destiny
As a direct result of the influx of prospectors who flooded into California, ______________ swelled from just 20,000, to more than 220,000 just four years later
Population
The first factories of the Industrial Revoltion were powered by __________, but factories later switched to ____________.
Rivers/water wheels; steam engines
This group came to America in large numbers due to the Potato Famine, and faced specific discrimination in Northern cities
The Irish
Name three causes that various reform movements championed
(small bonuses for each extra cause named)
Temperance; women's rights; women's suffrage; abolition; education for all children regardless of wealth; improved prisons; better care for the mentally ill; schools for the blind; schools for the deaf; unions/better labor conditions
This U.S. general was sent to capture Mexico City. He was also the most prominent American general in the U.S. military between the Revolutionary and Civil Wars, and the last of the generation trained by Washington and his contemporaries.
General Winfield Scott
Shortly after the California gold rush had begun, in order to supply prospectors with the goods and supplies they needed, small towns known as these sprung up seemingly out of nowhere all across California
Boomtowns
This was the fastest, but also the riskiest and most expensive, way people traveled to the California gold fields.
By ship, either down around South America or cutting across Panama.
This invention revolutionized communication as part of the industrial revolution
The Telegraph Machine
This U.S. president, the seventh President of the United States, rejected Texas’ request for annexation
Bonus: This US president, committed to US expansion, accepted Texas' request for annexation
Andrew Jackson
Bonus: James K Polk
As a result of the Second Great Awakening, more people were called upon to take action based upon ____________________ in order to improve society.
Their personal religion or morals
This young Illinois Congressman tried to challenge President Polk on his claims that Mexicans had attacked America- he asked for more clarity and honesty on where, exactly the conflict had taken place
Abraham Lincoln
The process of many people moving to an area to find work and jobs in the factories, resulting in rapid city growth and expansion, is known as this
Urbanization
These are the people profited the most from the gold rush
The business owners who supplied the miners
As a result of the Industrial Revolution, thousands of miles of _____________ were built in order to quickly ship raw goods and finished products around the nation.
Bonus- where were most of these built?
Railroad tracks
Bonus- in the North
This man applied the concept of interchangeable parts to the creation of complex machinery (such as guns) to greatly speed up production
Eli Whitney
This group of people/demographic were one of the most active in reform movements in the 1800s
Middle class white women
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican-American War and gave ___________ to the Americans and ______________ to the Mexicans.
Bonus: Can you name any specifics for either?
Land- the territory Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, California
Money- 15 million dollars
This is the name for a huge change in how people produced, used, and bought goods during the early 1800s. They moved from local, subsistence farming style of economy and trade to a national, industrial, capitalist based system. (hint- NOT the Industrial Revolution, which covered new technology and the creation of factories)
The Market Revolution