Empires
This Roman emperor created Constantinople as a capital and legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire in 313 CE.
Constantine I
This era saw groups such as the Goths, Germans, Huns, Avars, and Slavs move within and into Europe.
Migration Period
According to Islam, this prophet codified its core beliefs in the early 7th century CE.
Muhammad
This is the title for the religious and political leader of Islam.
Caliph
These foundational practices include acknowledgement of one God and the final prophet, fasting during Ramadan, almsgiving, prayer five times daily, and pilgrimage to the Kaaba.
Five Pillars of Islam
This collection of laws associated with Justinian helped form a basis for later legal institutions and practices.
Code of Justinian
The Migration Period caused major disruption to this empire as peoples moved within and into Europe.
Roman Empire
What are the two branches of Islam?
Sunni and Shi'a
This term names an era of major cultural and intellectual achievement in Islamic history.
Islamic Golden Age
This was the tax applied to non-Muslims in Muslim states.
jizya
This is the name historians give to the primarily Greek-run Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of Rome.
Byzantine Empire
This Arabic city hosts a tradition of pilgrimage and was captured by adherents of Islam in 629 CE.
Mecca
This text contains the foundational documents and doctrines of Islam.
Quran
This caliphate ruled from 661–750 CE and expanded into North Africa, Spain, Central Asia, and South Asia.
Umayyad Caliphate
What empire ended the era of the Byzantine Empire?
Ottoman Empire
This city served as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire until its capture by the Ottoman Empire in 1453.
Constantinople
These people most profoundly influenced Arab central administration and culture.
Persians
This city served as the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate.
Baghdad
This caliphate defeated the Umayyads and ruled beginning in 750 CE.
Abbasid Caliphate
The Byzantine Empire enhanced world trade, especially through the Silk Road. However, trade introduced plague, such as the plague of Justinian and this plague?
Black Death
This emperor reconquered parts of the Western Roman Empire in the 6th century and introduced major legal reforms.
Justinian I
This Persian dynasty was the Roman Empire's major eastern rival from roughly the 3rd through 7th centuries CE.
Sassanid Dynasty
Islam spread to the outskirts of what two countries?
France and China
This caliphate expanded rapidly from 632–661 CE, conquering the weakened Sassanid Empire and taking large amounts of Byzantine territory.
Rashidun Caliphate
This term described the protected status of Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians within Muslim states.
dhimmi