History of Cognitive Psychology
What did Aristotle do for cognitive psychology?
Emphasized empirical evidence.
What is the meaning of cognitive?
“mental activity” - how we acquire, store, transform, and use knowledge
What is the meaning of Cognitive Science?
Interdisciplinary field that attempts to answer questions about the mind
What is the meaning of Cognitive neuroscience?
Combines research techniques of cognitive psychology with various methods for assessing the structure and function of the brain.
Where else has cognition widespread influence on other areas of psychology?
Clinical and Educational.
What did Wilhelm Wundt do for cognitive psychology?
He is the founder of psychology and emphasized introspection.
What is the meaning of cognitive psychology?
emphasizes our thought processes and knowledge
What is the meaning of artificial intelligence (AI)?
A branch of computer science that explores human cognitive processes by creating computer models that
show “intelligent behavior".
What is the meaning of Social cognitive neuroscience
Use of neuroscience techniques to explore cognitive
processes we use when interacting with others.
What other approaches are in cognitive psychology?
Behaviorism and Psychodynamic.
Who was the first to scientifically study memory?
Hermann Ebbinghaus
What is the meaning of behaviorism?
A systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals.
What is the meaning of Computer Metaphor?
The idea that human cognitive processes work like a computer
What are Brain lesions used for?
To study relationship between damaged portions of the brain and cognitive deficits.
T or F. Does cognition occupy a major portion of human psychology?
True
Who was the first female to become president of APA
and developed guidelines for teaching college courses in Psychology?
Mary Whiton Calkins
What is the meaning of ecological validity?
The principle of research design is that the research uses conditions that are similar to the natural setting where the results will be applied.
What is the meaning of serial processing?
Classical approach to AI which viewed cognitive processes as a series of separate operations, completed in a series of steps (flow chart).
What does a Functional Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (fMRI) do?
Measures oxygen levels in the blood as indirect
measure of brain activity in various brain regions.
Who was first to report the recency effect?
Mary Whiton Calkins
What year was William James born and which year did he die?
1842-1910
What is the meaning of empirical evidence?
Scientific evidence is obtained by careful observation and experimentation.
What is the meaning of Connectionist Approach?
Our mental processes are similar to networks that link together neuron-like units and processes occur in parallel (not linear).
What does a (PET Scan) do and what does it stand for?
Inject low doses of radioactive chemicals and track
the flow of the chemical to activated areas of the brain.
Positron Emission Tomography
Which text book did William James write?
Principles of Psychology.