Women in Economics
In 2023, she became the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Economics solo, for research on the women’s labor market outcomes and the gender wage gap.
Claudia Goldin
After a massive asset bubble collapse in the 1990s, Japan was in a long period of this economic condition, which seems to be lifting as prices begin to rise again.
Deflation
Term for the economic condition where high inflation and high unemployment occur simultaneously.
Stagflation
This model shows an inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment.
The Phillips Curve
When two producers control the market.
Duopoly
Women in the US earn approximately this many cents per dollar earned by men
84 cents
As Apple diversifies away from China, this Southeast Asian country is now assembling a large share of the world’s iPhones.
India
In response to geopolitical tensions, many countries began moving production of critical goods like semiconductors and medicines closer to home or allied nations. Economists call this trend what?
Reshoring
The unemployment rate is often an incomplete metric because it can fall without the economy improving if people stop looking for work, because they are no longer counted in this group.
The labor force
Demand for Women in Econ merch rose 10% in the past year, while the average income of customers rose by 5%. The income elasticity of demand is approximately this number.
2
This UO econ professor and NBER faculty research fellow studies transportation, international trade costs, and how trade friction shapes outcomes.
Woan Foong Wong
This country was a founding member of OPEC and the largest oil exporter in the world, producing approximately 9.5 million barrels per day in 2025.
Saudi Arabia
In response to economic crises, governments often increase spending or cut taxes to stimulate the economy. This is known as what type of policy?
Fiscal policy
Despite AI anxiety, overall unemployment in the US remained around this historically low percentage in early 2026.
~4%
Roughly 90% of global trade is transported by this method.
Shipping by sea (or maritime shipping)
Women make up roughly 47% of the U.S. labor force, yet hold only about 10% of Fortune 500 CEO positions. This imbalance is often described by what term?
The glass ceiling
This African nation contains massive rare earth mineral and cobalt deposits, making it a key battleground between the US and China for technology manufacturing.
Democratic Republic of Congo
This phenomenon is when a country weaponizes market control over a critical resource, like China in 2025 with rare earth minerals.
Resource nationalism
If one firm raises wages, others firms are pressured to compete, creating a race to the top to retain workers described in this phenomenon.
The spillover effect
The federal minimum wage in the United States has remained at this amount since 2009.
$7.25 per hour
Claudia Goldin identified this phenomenon, where the gender wage gap is exacerbated by the way certain jobs reward long, inflexible hours.
“Greedy job” penalty
This small Baltic nation has one of the fastest growing economies in the EU and fully transitioned off the Russian power grid in early 2025.
Estonia
This 1944 agreement established the US dollar as the world’s reserve currency by pegging it to gold at $35 an ounce that then collapsed when Nixon suspended convertibility in 1971.
Bretton Woods
This federally tracked statistic counts unemployed, discouraged workers, and part-time workers who want full time work.
The U-6 unemployment rate
In a Cournot duopoly with identical firms and linear demand, combined equilibrium output is this fraction of the perfectly competitive output.
2/3