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A change of the DNA in an organism that results in a new trait is known as a?
Mutation
A single piece of coiled DNA is known as a?
Chromosome
Which famous scientist introduced the idea of natural selection?
Charles Darwin
Which organelle synthesizes proteins?
Ribosomes
What is the primary role of the lysosome?
Digestion and waste removal in cells
What is the average resting heart rate of an adult?
Is adding seeds of chromium-accumulating plant to soil contaminated with chromium an example of bioremediation?
Yes
The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?
Accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
The global hydrologic cycle supports a net flow of atmospheric water vapor from what to what?
Oceans to land
Which area of the kidney contains the glomeruli and Bowman’s capsules?
Renal Cortex
What are the three levels at which biological diversity can be measured?
Genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity
What are some ways the signal transduction pathways benefit cells?
Help respond respond to signal molecules that are too large or too polar to cross the plasma membrane
Enable different cells to respond appropriately to the same signal
Amplify signals
Enhance response
Describe the path urea takes as it is filtered from the blood and exists from the kidney
Renal artery ->glomerulus->filtered into proximal convoluted tubule->loop of Henle->distal convoluted tubule->collecting duct->ureter->bladder
In human beings, brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes. If a blue-eyed man marries a brown-eyed woman whose father was blue-eyed, what proportion of their children would you predict will have blue eyes? (ninety seconds to finish)
50%
Although the seal and penguin both have streamlined, fishlike bodies with a layer of insulating fat, they are not closely related. This similarity results from what?
Convergent evolution
What could be exhibited by cancer cells?
Changing levels of MPF concentration, passage through checkpoints in the cell cycle, loss of density-dependent inhibition and anchorage dependence
What occurs on a cellular level when the tadpole becomes an adult frog and loses its tail?
Cells of the tail dying and the nutrients being absorbed and reused by the body
The rhythmic changes in cyclin concentrations in a cell cycle are related to what?
Its degradation, which is initiated by active MPF (mitosis promoting factor)
The appearance of a fertile, polyploid individual within a population of diploid organisms is a possible source of a new species. If this individual is capable of reproducing to form a new population, scientists would consider this to be an example of what?
Sympatric speciation
Define the effect of genetic drift on gene frequencies of a population
Selection against one allele causes gene frequencies to change
Ethylene is an organic compound produced by ripening fruits. In a controlled experiment, researchers found that ethylene gas stimulated the ripening process in newly harvested fruits. What is the connection between natural ethylene production and fruit ripening?
Ethylene gas is a chemical signal through which ripening fruits trigger the ripening process in other fruits
When a stimulus is applied to a receptor in the skin, an action potential is propagated along a neuron to the brain, where another signal is sent back to the muscle for a response. What occurs when the action potential reaches a chemical synapse at the end of an axon?
The action potential causes a release of neurotransmitters that travel across the synapse
Gregor Mendel’s pioneering genetic experiments with pea plants occurred before the discovery of the structure and function of chromosomes. What could explain the inheritance in pea plants after the discovery that genes may be linked on a chromosome?
Most offspring of a given cross have a combination of traits that is identical to that of either one parent or the other
The lionfish is a venomous fish found primarily in the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. In the 1990s, the lionfish were accidentally released into the Atlantic Ocean, where they found abundant resources and favorable environmental conditions. What was the result of the lionfish based on the local population?
With no natural predators, the lionfish population will become very large.
A researcher examining a root tip observes a plant cell with condensed sister chromatids, kinetochores with attached microtubules, and the equatorial plate of the cell. Describe what occurs during the next process of the cell.
Paired chromatids will seperate, and the new daughter chromosomes will move toward opposite poles of the cell